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Health Care Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Payments among Elderly with Cognitive Frailty in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Abdelmajed Alkhodary

    (International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
    Ministry of Health, Department of Analysis and Decision Support, Gaza Governorates, Al Remal, Gaza 0101, Palestine)

  • Syed Mohamed Aljunid

    (International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
    Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait 5969, Kuwait)

  • Aniza Ismail

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

  • Amrizal Muhammad Nur

    (International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
    Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait 5969, Kuwait)

  • Suzana Shahar

    (Program of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: Cognitive frailty (CF) as a potential risk factor for dementia, functional disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the health care-related utilization and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, sociodemographic characteristics, and comorbidities among elderly Malaysians with CF. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting elderly Malaysian aged ≥65 years was conducted. The study included all participants of the fourth phase of the Malaysian representative Long-Term-Research-Grant-Scheme Towards-Useful-Aging (LRGS-TUA) community-based study. A structured and validated interview questionnaire was used. Results: In total, 1006 elderly were interviewed, with a 66.18% response rate. Only 730 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Of the eligible respondents, the CF prevalence was 4.5%. Around 60.6% of the participants with CF had utilized outpatient care at government clinics within the past 6 months. The estimated mean total OOP payments for CF during the past 6 months was 84 Malaysian Ringgit (RM) (SD 96.0). Conclusions: CF among elderly Malaysians is within the internationally recognized range of prevalence. The OOP payments for seeking health care among CF elderly are not different from that of other elderly categories. There is a high possibility of underutilization of the health care services of CF cases while they are still needy.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Abdelmajed Alkhodary & Syed Mohamed Aljunid & Aniza Ismail & Amrizal Muhammad Nur & Suzana Shahar, 2022. "Health Care Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Payments among Elderly with Cognitive Frailty in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3361-:d:770070
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dayang Hajyrayati Binti Awg Kassim & Siti Zaleha Raduan & Rasidah Abdul Wahab, 2023. "A Narrative Review of Health-Seeking Behaviour in Malaysia: Factors and Emerging Themes," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(7), pages 2109-2124, July.

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