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Supporting Tourism by Assessing the Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination for Travel Reasons

Author

Listed:
  • Cezar Morar

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Alexandru Tiba

    (Department of Psychology, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Tamara Jovanovic

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Aleksandar Valjarević

    (Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Matthias Ripp

    (Organisation of World Heritage Cities, 93047 Regensburg, Germany)

  • Miroslav D. Vujičić

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Uglješa Stankov

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Biljana Basarin

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Rade Ratković

    (Faculty for Business in Tourism, 85310 Budva, Montenegro)

  • Maria Popović

    (Faculty for Business in Tourism, 85310 Budva, Montenegro)

  • Gyula Nagy

    (Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary)

  • Lajos Boros

    (Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary)

  • Tin Lukić

    (Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

Abstract

The persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposed vaccination passports for traveling in most countries. We investigated psychological factors that predict the intention to vaccinate for travel. In a cross-sectional study, we examined how demographic variables, vaccination status, perceived risk of infection and severity of disease contracted at travel destination, safety and effectiveness of vaccines against contracting COVID-19 during travel, and conspiracy beliefs are related to intention to vaccinate for travel. Further analyses involved differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in a Romanian sample regarding conspiracy beliefs, attitudes about vaccines, and self-efficacy of controlling COVID-19 infection. Results showed that the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons is best predicted by vaccination status and perceptions of safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Thus, vaccinated individuals believing that vaccines are safe and effective most probably will take another vaccine booster if it will allow them to travel. Positive relationships of the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons were found with age, vaccination status, conspiracy beliefs, perceptions of safety and effectiveness of vaccines, intention to travel, and a more cautious approach to travel. No significant relationships were found between perceptions of risk for self or for transmitting the disease to others, severity of disease, and the intention to vaccinate for travel. We also found significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, as unvaccinated participants showed higher levels of conspiracy beliefs and less trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines. We conclude that campaigns focused on promoting information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines is the most important direction for promoting vaccination in young travelers.

Suggested Citation

  • Cezar Morar & Alexandru Tiba & Tamara Jovanovic & Aleksandar Valjarević & Matthias Ripp & Miroslav D. Vujičić & Uglješa Stankov & Biljana Basarin & Rade Ratković & Maria Popović & Gyula Nagy & Lajos B, 2022. "Supporting Tourism by Assessing the Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination for Travel Reasons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:918-:d:724854
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cezar Morar & Alexandru Tiba & Biljana Basarin & Miroslav Vujičić & Aleksandar Valjarević & Liudmyla Niemets & Alena Gessert & Tamara Jovanovic & Marius Drugas & Vasile Grama & Marius Stupariu & Alina, 2021. "Predictors of Changes in Travel Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Tourists’ Personalities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Jeffrey T. Vietri & Meng Li & Alison P. Galvani & Gretchen B. Chapman, 2012. "Vaccinating to Help Ourselves and Others," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 32(3), pages 447-458, May.
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    4. Bara’ Abdallah AlShurman & Amber Fozia Khan & Christina Mac & Meerab Majeed & Zahid Ahmad Butt, 2021. "What Demographic, Social, and Contextual Factors Influence the Intention to Use COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-43, September.
    5. Feng-Jen Tsai & Hsiu-Wen Yang & Chia-Ping Lin & Jeffrey Zen Liu, 2021. "Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Protective Behavior among Adults in Taiwan: Associations between Risk Perception and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, May.
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    2. Songhong Chen & Jian Ming Luo, 2023. "Understand Delegates Risk Attitudes and Behaviour: The Moderating Effect of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Li, Xinghua & Yang, Yueyi & Guo, Yuntao & Souders, Dustin & Li, Jian, 2023. "Understanding the role of risk perception and health measures in ridesourcing usage in the post-COVID-19 era," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    4. Kai Xin Tay & Jennifer Kim Lian Chan, 2023. "Travel Confidence Reviving Tourism Industry: Is the Vaccination a Solution?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Ruslan Gunko & Lauri Rapeli & Patrik Karell, 2022. "Striving with Global Stress on a Local Level: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Relationship between People and Nature?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-14, August.
    6. Shan Wang & Ivan Ka-Wai Lai & Jose Weng-Chou Wong, 2022. "An Exploratory Study of Pandemic-Restricted Travel—A New Form of Travel Pattern on the during- and Post-COVID-19 Era," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-16, March.

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