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Cyberbullying and Associated Factors in Member Countries of the European Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies with Representative Population Samples

Author

Listed:
  • Jesús Henares-Montiel

    (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pabellón 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, Floor 2, 18012 Granada, Spain)

  • Vivian Benítez-Hidalgo

    (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain)

  • Isabel Ruiz-Pérez

    (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pabellón 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, Floor 2, 18012 Granada, Spain)

  • Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno

    (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pabellón 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, Floor 2, 18012 Granada, Spain)

  • Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco

    (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
    Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pabellón 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, Floor 2, 18012 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the current state of empirical research and establish an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of cyberbullying through the gathering of self-reported experiences from representative population samples from EU countries. Bibliographic searches were conducted on main electronic databases for studies until November 2021. We considered observational studies that provided data on cyberbullying prevalence and/or associated factors. Seven studies with data from 25 countries were included. Rates ranged between 2.8–31.5% for cybervictimization, between 3.0–30.6% for cyberperpetration, and between 13.0–53.1% for cyberbystanding. The rate of cybervictimization perpetration was 4%. Meta-analysis-pooled prevalence showed rates of 9.62% and 11.91% for cybervictimization and cyberperpetration, respectively. Given the large variation in the rates seen between the different examined studies, in addition to the increase over recent years in the prevalence rates of the different examined dimensions of cyberbullying, it would be useful to deepen research into the causes of these differences and the factors associated with each of the dimensions. This should be performed through populational surveys which enable the collection of a greater quantity of more consistent information with a view to designing prevention and intervention CB programs that are targeted and adapted towards the characteristics of the target population.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesús Henares-Montiel & Vivian Benítez-Hidalgo & Isabel Ruiz-Pérez & Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno & Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, 2022. "Cyberbullying and Associated Factors in Member Countries of the European Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies with Representative Population Samples," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7364-:d:839897
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anton Grafström & Lina Schelin, 2014. "How to Select Representative Samples," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 41(2), pages 277-290, June.
    2. David Aparisi & Beatriz Delgado & Rosa M. Bo & María Carmen Martínez-Monteagudo, 2021. "Relationship between Cyberbullying, Motivation and Learning Strategies, Academic Performance, and the Ability to Adapt to University," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Estefanía Estévez & Elizabeth Cañas & Jesús F. Estévez & Amapola Povedano, 2020. "Continuity and Overlap of Roles in Victims and Aggressors of Bullying and Cyberbullying in Adolescence: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Twardowska-Staszek, Estera & Zych, Izabela & Ortega-Ruiz, Rosario, 2018. "Bullying and cyberbullying in Polish elementary and middle schools: Validation of questionnaires and nature of the phenomena," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 217-225.
    5. Ljiljana Rakic & Milena Santric-Milicevic & Dejan Nikolic & Milena Vasic & Uros Babic & Jovana Todorovic & Zorica Terzic-Supic & Sanja Milenkovic, 2021. "The Relationship between Individual and Family Characteristics and Cyberbullying Exposure in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Aged Children Living in Serbia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-23, July.
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    1. Leila Lefi & Sarra Sghaier, 2024. "Investigating the Dark Side of Social Media Marketing: Case of Cyberbullying on Micro Celebrities," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 13-22, March.
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    3. Antonio Tintori & Giulia Ciancimino & Ilaria Bombelli & Daniele De Rocchi & Loredana Cerbara, 2023. "Children’s Online Safety: Predictive Factors of Cyberbullying and Online Grooming Involvement," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, February.

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