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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indoor and Outdoor Areas of Urban Public Transport Systems of Three Major Cities of Portugal in 2021

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  • Priscilla Gomes da Silva

    (ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
    Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
    Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
    LEPABE—Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • José Gonçalves

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Maria São José Nascimento

    (Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal)

  • Sofia I. V. Sousa

    (LEPABE—Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • João R. Mesquita

    (ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
    Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
    Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

Airborne transmission is mainly associated with poorly ventilated and crowded indoor environments where people stay for long periods of time. As such, public transport is often perceived as having a high risk for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Considering that data on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in public transport systems are scarce, we performed air sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in indoor and outdoor spaces of public transport systems in Portugal. Air ( n = 31) and surface ( n = 70) samples were collected using a Coriolis ® Compact microbial air sampler and sterile flocked plastic swabs, respectively. Samples were extracted and analyzed through RT-qPCR. Only two air samples from an outdoor and a partially open space were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. No positive surface samples were detected. These results indicate that the viral concentration in ambient air in public transport systems is linked to the number of people present in that environment and whether they are wearing properly fitting masks. Considering the current lifting of COVID-19 restrictions around the world, it is essential that people continue to wear masks in both indoor and outdoor environments, especially in crowded spaces. More studies on this topic are needed to fully elucidate the real risk of infection in outdoor spaces.

Suggested Citation

  • Priscilla Gomes da Silva & José Gonçalves & Maria São José Nascimento & Sofia I. V. Sousa & João R. Mesquita, 2022. "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indoor and Outdoor Areas of Urban Public Transport Systems of Three Major Cities of Portugal in 2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-7, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:5955-:d:815448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Silvia Comunian & Dario Dongo & Chiara Milani & Paola Palestini, 2020. "Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Marra, Alessio D. & Sun, Linghang & Corman, Francesco, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public transport usage and route choice: Evidences from a long-term tracking study in urban area," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 258-268.
    3. Jeffrey E. Harris, 2020. "The Subways Seeded the Massive Coronavirus Epidemic in New York City," NBER Working Papers 27021, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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