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Association Between PM 2.5 Exposure Level and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Taiwanese Adults: A Nested Case–control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Han-Yin Sun

    (Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Ci-Wen Luo

    (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Yun-Wei Chiang

    (Department of life sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan)

  • Kun-Lin Yeh Yi-Ching Li

    (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan)

  • Yung-Chung Ho

    (School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Shiuan-Shinn Lee

    (School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Ying Chen

    (Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Jung Chen

    (Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Hsiang Kuan

    (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma. However, little is known about POAG in adults and exposure to air pollution. The current study aims to investigate whether exposure to particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) is associated with POAG diagnosis. Patient data were obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID2010) of Taiwan for the 2008–2013 period. PM 2.5 concentration data, collected from the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network established by the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan, were categorized into four groups according to World Health Organization (WHO) exposure standards for PM 2.5 . We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for risk factors for POAG with logistic regression. The OR of per WHO standard level increase was 1.193 (95% CI 1.050–1.356). Compared with the normal level, the OR of WHO 2.0 level was 1.668 (95% CI 1.045–2.663, P < 0.05). After excluding confounding risk factors for POAG in this study, we determined that increased PM 2.5 exposure is related to POAG risk (ORs > 1, P < 0.05). In this study, PM 2.5 was an independent factor associated with open-angle glaucoma. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms connecting PM 2.5 and open-angle glaucoma.

Suggested Citation

  • Han-Yin Sun & Ci-Wen Luo & Yun-Wei Chiang & Kun-Lin Yeh Yi-Ching Li & Yung-Chung Ho & Shiuan-Shinn Lee & Wen-Ying Chen & Chun-Jung Chen & Yu-Hsiang Kuan, 2021. "Association Between PM 2.5 Exposure Level and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Taiwanese Adults: A Nested Case–control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1714-:d:497247
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ru-Jin Huang & Yanlin Zhang & Carlo Bozzetti & Kin-Fai Ho & Jun-Ji Cao & Yongming Han & Kaspar R. Daellenbach & Jay G. Slowik & Stephen M. Platt & Francesco Canonaco & Peter Zotter & Robert Wolf & Sim, 2014. "High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China," Nature, Nature, vol. 514(7521), pages 218-222, October.
    2. Xu Meng & Ying Zhang & Kun-Qi Yang & Yan-Kun Yang & Xian-Liang Zhou, 2016. "Potential Harmful Effects of PM 2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Lin, Yen-Ju & Tian, Wei-Hua & Chen, Chun-Chih, 2011. "Urbanization and the utilization of outpatient services under National Health Insurance in Taiwan," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 236-243.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ci-Wen Luo & Yun-Wei Chiang & Han-Yin Sun & Kun-Lin Yeh & Min-Wei Lee & Wen-Jun Wu & Yu-Hsiang Kuan, 2022. "Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Levels in Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Study from Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, April.
    2. Ci-Wen Luo & Shih-Pin Chen & Chen-Yu Chiang & Wen-Jun Wu & Chun-Jung Chen & Wen-Ying Chen & Yu-Hsiang Kuan, 2022. "Association between Ultraviolet B Exposure Levels and Depression in Taiwanese Adults: A Nested Case–Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, June.

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