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The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach

Author

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  • Brigita Mieziene

    (Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Arunas Emeljanovas

    (Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Ilona Tilindiene

    (Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Laura Tumynaite

    (Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Laima Trinkuniene

    (Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Ichiro Kawachi

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

Abstract

Background: Across countries, young people are not sufficiently physically active. The evidence confirms that beyond demographic and individual agents, individuals participate within their social and physical environment. The ecological model enables a search for the modifiable factors in specific populations, as it allows consideration of factors affecting individuals’ lives on different levels, as well as considering the interplay of those factors. The aim of this study was to examine the complex interconnections among environmental, social capital and motivational factors at different levels, within an ecological model for high school students’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during their leisure time. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 1285 students from 14 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 16.14 ± 1.22. Physical activity, neighborhood physical activity recourses, neighborhood safety, social capital, physical activity motivation and sociodemographic factors were evaluated. Logistic regression, mediation and moderation analyses were performed predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during leisure time. Results: In the final multivariate logistic regression model, greater social participation (OR 1.03 [1.01–1.05]), higher relative autonomy index (OR 1.11 [1.06–1.15]) and male gender (OR 1.71 [1.13–2.57]) directly predicted meeting MVPA recommendations. Any significant moderation effects ( p > 0.05) of environmental characteristics were not found for the relationship between social capital, motivational factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The evidence of positive indirect mediation effects was found in all five models for social capital components as all CIs for its βs do not contain 0, though standardized effect sizes were between 0.02 and 0.07, indicating small effect sizes. Conclusion: These findings provide support for the presence of some direct and indirect pathways from social capital to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Future intervention strategies should focus on strengthening physical activity motivation by encouraging the development of social network and social participation as well as family, neighborhood and school social capital within the framework of the ecological model.

Suggested Citation

  • Brigita Mieziene & Arunas Emeljanovas & Ilona Tilindiene & Laura Tumynaite & Laima Trinkuniene & Ichiro Kawachi, 2021. "The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:874-:d:483820
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Javier Sevil & Luis García-González & Ángel Abós & Eduardo Generelo Lanaspa & Alberto Aibar Solana, 2018. "Which School Community Agents Influence Adolescents’ Motivational Outcomes and Physical Activity? Are More Autonomy-Supportive Relationships Necessarily Better?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, August.
    2. McNeill, Lorna Haughton & Kreuter, Matthew W. & Subramanian, S.V., 2006. "Social Environment and Physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(4), pages 1011-1022, August.
    3. Adilson Marques & Yolanda Demetriou & Riki Tesler & Élvio R. Gouveia & Miguel Peralta & Margarida Gaspar de Matos, 2019. "Healthy Lifestyle in Children and Adolescents and Its Association with Subjective Health Complaints: Findings from 37 Countries and Regions from the HBSC Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-14, September.
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    1. George Danut Mocanu & Gabriel Murariu & Dan Munteanu, 2021. "The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Roma Jusienė & Rima Breidokienė & Stanislav Sabaliauskas & Brigita Mieziene & Arunas Emeljanovas, 2022. "The Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Lithuanian Adolescents after the Second Prolonged Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.

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