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Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and Drug Misuse: Evidence from a National Survey in the U.S

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Listed:
  • Jian Li

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
    School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Timothy A. Matthews

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Liwei Chen

    (Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Marissa Seamans

    (Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Constanze Leineweber

    (Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Johannes Siegrist

    (Institute of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

Abstract

With the rise of drug misuse among workers in recent years, preliminary research on potential risk factors in the workplace of single-type of drug misuse has been reported. This is the first study to examine cross-sectional associations of work stress, in terms of effort–reward imbalance, with multiple drug misuse (including any drug misuse, opioid misuse, sedatives misuse, cannabis misuse, and other drug misuse) during the past 12 months in a national sample of U.S. workers. Data of 2211 workers were derived from the nationally representative and population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity of a 17-item effort–reward imbalance measure were robust and satisfactory. After adjustment for relevant covariates, logistic regression analyses showed that workers experiencing effort–reward imbalance at work had significantly higher odds of any drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.18 (1.03, 1.37)), especially opioid misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.35 (1.07, 1.69)) and other drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.36 (1.01, 1.83)). The findings suggest that a stressful work environment may act as a determinant of drug misuse, and further prospective evidence is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Jian Li & Timothy A. Matthews & Liwei Chen & Marissa Seamans & Constanze Leineweber & Johannes Siegrist, 2021. "Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and Drug Misuse: Evidence from a National Survey in the U.S," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13334-:d:705278
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Glei, Dana A. & Stokes, Andrew & Weinstein, Maxine, 2020. "Changes in mental health, pain, and drug misuse since the mid-1990s: Is there a link?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    2. Guillaume Airagnes & Cédric Lemogne & Marcel Goldberg & Nicolas Hoertel & Yves Roquelaure & Frédéric Limosin & Marie Zins, 2018. "Job exposure to the public in relation with alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Siegrist, Johannes & Starke, Dagmar & Chandola, Tarani & Godin, Isabelle & Marmot, Michael & Niedhammer, Isabelle & Peter, Richard, 2004. "The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(8), pages 1483-1499, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Timothy A. Matthews & Megan Guardiano & Negar Omidakhsh & Lara Cushing & Wendie Robbins & OiSaeng Hong & Jian Li, 2022. "Associations of COVID-19 Related Work Stressors with Psychological Distress: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Californian Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Sebastian Sattler & Olaf von dem Knesebeck, 2022. "Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and Prescription Drug Misuse—Prospective Evidence from Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-12, June.

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