IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i23p12351-d686774.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improving the Hydraulic Effects Resulting from the Use of a Submerged Biofiter to Enhance Water Quality in Polluted Streams

Author

Listed:
  • Atef A. El-Saiad

    (Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt)

  • Hany F. Abd-Elhamid

    (Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
    Center for Research and Innovation in Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Zeinab I. Salama

    (Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt)

  • Martina Zeleňáková

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Erik Weiss

    (Department of Commercial Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Business Economy with Seat in Kosice, University of Economics in Bratislava, 04001 Košice, Slovakia)

  • Emad H. El-Gohary

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt)

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the most serious problems facing many countries. In addition, water pollution could lose more water. A submerged biofilter (SB) is used to enhance the self-purification process in polluted streams. However, most previous studies have focused on the efficiency of SB to remove pollutants and there is a lack of studies investigating the hydraulic changes in streams. The current paper aimed to study the hydraulic effects of SB on the flow behavior in streams and how to improve it. An empirical equation for determining the flow rate through SB was developed. Different cases were studied to improve the hydraulic effects resulting from the use of SB. The effect of increasing SB length was tested using different SB lengths. The results showed that increasing the length increased the upstream water depth (h 1 ) and relative heading up (h 1 /h 2 ). In the second case, comparison between continuous and fragmented SB was tested. The results showed that a fragmented biofilter increased the upstream water depth and the relative heading up. Case three tested the effect of SB height. Different SB heights were tested with a fixed length and constant flow rate. The results revealed that the upstream water depth and relative heading up decreased when the biofilter height decreased. Case four tested the effect of SB with a fixed volume and constant flow rate. In this case, the length and height of SB were changed where the volume was fixed. The results showed that the relative heading up decreased when the SB height decreased and the length increased, which revealed that the SB height can improve the hydraulic impacts. Finally, the use of SB to improve the water quality in polluted streams led to an increase of the relative heading up, which can be reduced by decreasing the height of SB.

Suggested Citation

  • Atef A. El-Saiad & Hany F. Abd-Elhamid & Zeinab I. Salama & Martina Zeleňáková & Erik Weiss & Emad H. El-Gohary, 2021. "Improving the Hydraulic Effects Resulting from the Use of a Submerged Biofiter to Enhance Water Quality in Polluted Streams," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12351-:d:686774
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12351/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12351/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hany F. Abd-Elhamid & Shaimaa M. Abd-Elmoneem & Gamal M. Abdelaal & Martina Zeleňáková & Zuzana Vranayova & Ismail Abd-Elaty, 2021. "Investigating and Managing the Impact of Using Untreated Wastewater for Irrigation on the Groundwater Quality in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Lamei, A. & van der Zaag, P. & von Münch, E., 2008. "Impact of solar energy cost on water production cost of seawater desalination plants in Egypt," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1748-1756, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hany F. Abd-Elhamid & Atef A. El-Saiad & Zeinab I. Salama & Martina Zeleňáková & Emad H. El-Gohary, 2022. "Evaluating the Hydraulic Effects of the Flow through and over the Submerged Biofilter Installed in Polluted Streams," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-17, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mokri, Alaeddine & Aal Ali, Mona & Emziane, Mahieddine, 2013. "Solar energy in the United Arab Emirates: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 340-375.
    2. Ihsan Ullah & Mohammad G. Rasul, 2018. "Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Shalaby, S.M., 2017. "Reverse osmosis desalination powered by photovoltaic and solar Rankine cycle power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 789-797.
    4. Angelica Liponi & Claretta Tempesti & Andrea Baccioli & Lorenzo Ferrari, 2020. "Small-Scale Desalination Plant Driven by Solar Energy for Isolated Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Khan, Meer A.M. & Rehman, S. & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A., 2018. "A hybrid renewable energy system as a potential energy source for water desalination using reverse osmosis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 456-477.
    6. Chen, Yih-Hang & Li, Yu-Wei & Chang, Hsuan, 2012. "Optimal design and control of solar driven air gap membrane distillation desalination systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 193-204.
    7. Omar, Amr & Nashed, Amir & Li, Qiyuan & Leslie, Greg & Taylor, Robert A., 2020. "Pathways for integrated concentrated solar power - Desalination: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Rajaee, Fatemeh & Yan, Wei-Mon, 2019. "Osmotic desalination by solar energy: A critical review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1473-1490.
    9. Okampo, Ewaoche John & Nwulu, Nnamdi, 2021. "Optimisation of renewable energy powered reverse osmosis desalination systems: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    10. Isamil Abd-Elaty & Shaimaa M. Abd-Elmoneem & Gamal M. Abdelaal & Jakub Vrána & Zuzana Vranayová & Hany F. Abd-Elhamid, 2022. "Groundwater Quality Modeling and Mitigation from Wastewater Used in Irrigation, a Case Study of the Nile Delta Aquifer in Egypt," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany & Deng, Shuguang, 2010. "Renewable and sustainable approaches for desalination," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2641-2654, December.
    12. Parida, Bhubaneswari & Iniyan, S. & Goic, Ranko, 2011. "A review of solar photovoltaic technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1625-1636, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12351-:d:686774. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.