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The Impact of Shift Work on Occupational Health Indicators among Professionally Active Adults: A Comparative Study

Author

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  • Henrique Pereira

    (Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
    Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Gergely Fehér

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Antal Tibold

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Samuel Monteiro

    (Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
    NECE-Research Center in Business Science, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Vítor Costa

    (Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Graça Esgalhado

    (Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
    Institute of Cognitive Psychology, Human and Social Development (IPCDHS), 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal)

Abstract

The analysis of the impact of shift work on occupational health still needs further contributions. Therefore, we developed this research with the purpose of assessing the impact of shift work on occupational health indicators, namely burnout, work-engagement, occupational self-efficacy, and mental health functioning (symptoms of depression and anxiety), by comparing workers who did shift work (44.2% of participants) with workers who did not (55.8% of participants). A total of 695 Portuguese professionally active adults between 18 and 73 years of age ( M age = 37.71; SD = 12.64) participated in this study and completed a survey containing a sociodemographic questionnaire and four occupational health measures: The Burnout Assessment Tool, The Work-Engagement questionnaire (UWES), The Occupational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the BSI-18 for mental health symptoms. Results showed statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05) for all indicators, demonstrating that participants who worked shifts presented lower scores of work-engagement and occupational self-efficacy, and higher scores of burnout, depression, and anxiety when compared to participants who did not work shifts. Linear regressions showed that shift work explained significant but low percentages of anxiety symptoms, low work-engagement, depression symptoms, low occupational self-efficacy, and burnout. We concluded that non-standard working hours (by shifts) are detrimental to employee occupational health, by increasing the risk of anxiety and depression levels, and burnout, and by reducing work-engagement (as a well-being indicator) and occupational self-efficacy perceptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Henrique Pereira & Gergely Fehér & Antal Tibold & Samuel Monteiro & Vítor Costa & Graça Esgalhado, 2021. "The Impact of Shift Work on Occupational Health Indicators among Professionally Active Adults: A Comparative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11290-:d:666062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Adovich S Rivera & Maxwell Akanbi & Linda C O’Dwyer & Megan McHugh, 2020. "Shift work and long work hours and their association with chronic health conditions: A systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Mo-Yeol Kang & Ho-Jang Kwon & Kyung-Hwa Choi & Chung-Won Kang & Hyunjoo Kim, 2017. "The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(11), pages 1-10, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Silvia Vivarelli & Sebastiano Italia & Michele Teodoro & Manuela Pollicino & Carmen Vitello & Annalisa De Vita & Angela Alibrandi & Chiara Costa & Concettina Fenga, 2023. "Salivary Biomarkers Analysis and Neurobehavioral Assessment in Nurses Working Rotation Shifts: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Fangyuan Tian & Hongxia Li & Shuicheng Tian & Jiang Shao & Chenning Tian, 2022. "Effect of Shift Work on Cognitive Function in Chinese Coal Mine Workers: A Resting-State fNIRS Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-21, April.

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