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A Systematic Review of Characteristics Associated with COVID-19 in Children with Typical Presentation and with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

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  • Jeffrey Kornitzer

    (Division of Neurology, New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience Institute (NJPNI), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
    Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA)

  • Jacklyn Johnson

    (Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA)

  • Max Yang

    (College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Keith W. Pecor

    (Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA)

  • Nicholas Cohen

    (College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Carolyn Jiang

    (School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA)

  • Xue Ming

    (Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA)

Abstract

Setting off a global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been marked by a heterogeneous clinical presentation that runs the gamut from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. Although less lethal in children than adults, COVID-19 has nonetheless afflicted the pediatric population. This systematic review used clinical information from published literature to assess the spectrum of COVID-19 presentation in children, with special emphasis on characteristics associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). An electronic literature search for English and Chinese language articles in COVIDSeer, MEDLINE, and PubMed from 1 January 2020 through 1 March 2021 returned 579 records, of which 54 were included for full evaluation. Out of the total 4811 patients, 543 (11.29%) exhibited MIS-C. The most common symptoms across all children were fever and sore throat. Children presenting with MIS-C were less likely to exhibit sore throat and respiratory symptoms (i.e., cough, shortness of breath) compared to children without MIS-C. Inflammatory (e.g., rash, fever, and weakness) and gastrointestinal (e.g., nausea/vomiting and diarrhea) symptoms were present to a greater extent in children with both COVID-19 and MIS-C, suggesting that children testing positive for COVID-19 and exhibiting such symptoms should be evaluated for MIS-C.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey Kornitzer & Jacklyn Johnson & Max Yang & Keith W. Pecor & Nicholas Cohen & Carolyn Jiang & Xue Ming, 2021. "A Systematic Review of Characteristics Associated with COVID-19 in Children with Typical Presentation and with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8269-:d:608314
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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