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Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Exercising in Fitness Centres among Adults with and without Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review

Author

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  • Helene Nikolajsen

    (Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
    Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health Studies, University College South Denmark, 6705 Esbjerg Ø, Denmark)

  • Louise Fleng Sandal

    (Research Unit for Physical Activity and Health in Work Life, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Carsten Bogh Juhl

    (Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
    Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark)

  • Jens Troelsen

    (Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

  • Birgit Juul-Kristensen

    (Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

Abstract

Fitness centres are an obvious arena for performing physical activity for the general population but representation of adults with physical disabilities (AwPD) is lacking. To increase possibilities for AwPD to exercise in fitness centres together with adults without physical disabilities (AwoPD), the aim of this study was to identify, synthesise, and compare barriers to, and facilitators of, exercising in fitness centres for each group. A scoping review was conducted and data extraction of the barriers and facilitators was performed independently by two researchers on six categories of contextual factors based on the framework of Di Blasi: (1) The fitness centre setting; (2) The fitness centre user characteristics; (3) The fitness instructor/staff characteristics; (4) The fitness centre user–instructor/management relationship; and (5) The fitness/exercise characteristics. An extra category, (6) Other relationships, was added. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used for reporting. Of the 102 included papers, only 26 (25%) of the papers were on AwPD, which focused mainly on physical barriers (category 1: inaccessible settings). In contrast, the remaining 76 papers involving AwoPD focused primarily on facilitators (category 2: motivational factors and exercising effects). In categories 3–6, the two groups had similar results, as both groups preferred skilled instructors, a welcoming and comfortable fitness centre environment, an ability to exercise at their preferred type and level, and good social connections. Since most data were based on AwoPD, more studies on actual experiences from AwPD are needed, to reveal the facilitators/motivational factors for fitness centre use.

Suggested Citation

  • Helene Nikolajsen & Louise Fleng Sandal & Carsten Bogh Juhl & Jens Troelsen & Birgit Juul-Kristensen, 2021. "Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Exercising in Fitness Centres among Adults with and without Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-32, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7341-:d:591251
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jairo León-Quismondo & Jorge García-Unanue & Pablo Burillo, 2020. "Service Perceptions in Fitness Centers: IPA Approach by Gender and Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-10, April.
    2. van der Swaluw, Koen & Lambooij, M. & Mathijssen, Jolanda & Schipper, M. & Zeelenberg, Marcel & Berkhout, S. & Polder, Johan & Prast, Henriette, 2018. "Physical Activity after Commitment Lotteries : Examining Long-Term Results in a Cluster Randomized Trial," Other publications TiSEM eab06f73-166d-442e-9dda-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. Krahn, G.L. & Walker, D.K. & Correa-De-Araujo, R., 2015. "Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105, pages 198-206.
    4. van der Swaluw, Koen & Lambooij, M. & Mathijssen, Jolanda & Schipper, M. & Zeelenberg, Marcel & Berkhout, S. & Polder, Johan & Prast, Henriette, 2018. "Physical Activity after Commitment Lotteries : Examining Long-Term Results in a Cluster Randomized Trial," Discussion Paper 2018-006, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
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