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Drone Noise Emission Characteristics and Noise Effects on Humans—A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Beat Schäffer

    (Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Reto Pieren

    (Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Kurt Heutschi

    (Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Jean Marc Wunderli

    (Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Stefan Becker

    (BeSB GmbH Berlin Schalltechnisches Büro, 12203 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

The number of operations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), commonly referred to as “drones”, has strongly increased in the past and is likely to further grow in the future. Therefore, drones are becoming a growing new source of environmental noise pollution, and annoyance reactions to drone noise are likely to occur in an increasing share of the population. To date, research on drone noise emission characteristics, and in particular also on health impacts, seems scarce, but systematic overviews on these topics are missing. The objective of this study was to establish a systematic literature review on drone noise emissions and noise effects on humans. The paper presents the methodology of the systematic reviews performed separately for noise emission and noise effects, assembles current literature, gives an overview on the state of knowledge, and identifies research gaps. Current literature suggests that drone noise is substantially more annoying than road traffic or aircraft noise due to special acoustic characteristics such as pure tones and high-frequency broadband noise. A range of open questions remains to be tackled by future studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Beat Schäffer & Reto Pieren & Kurt Heutschi & Jean Marc Wunderli & Stefan Becker, 2021. "Drone Noise Emission Characteristics and Noise Effects on Humans—A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-27, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5940-:d:566943
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Janice Hegewald & Melanie Schubert & Alice Freiberg & Karla Romero Starke & Franziska Augustin & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller & Hajo Zeeb & Andreas Seidler, 2020. "Traffic Noise and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-26, August.
    2. Aydin, Burchan, 2019. "Public acceptance of drones: Knowledge, attitudes, and practice," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    3. Francesco Aletta & Jian Kang, 2018. "Towards an Urban Vibrancy Model: A Soundscape Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, August.
    4. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    5. Antonio J. Torija & Charlotte Clark, 2021. "A Psychoacoustic Approach to Building Knowledge about Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-16, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Antonio J. Torija & Rory K. Nicholls, 2022. "Investigation of Metrics for Assessing Human Response to Drone Noise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Carlos Ramos-Romero & Nathan Green & Seth Roberts & Charlotte Clark & Antonio J. Torija, 2022. "Requirements for Drone Operations to Minimise Community Noise Impact," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Jean Marc Wunderli & Jonas Meister & Oliver Boolakee & Kurt Heutschi, 2022. "A Method to Measure and Model Acoustic Emissions of Multicopters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Raj Bridgelall, 2022. "Reducing Risks by Transporting Dangerous Cargo in Drones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    5. Jianwei Sun & Koichi Yonezawa & Eiji Shima & Hao Liu, 2023. "Integrated Evaluation of the Aeroacoustics and Psychoacoustics of a Single Propeller," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-23, January.
    6. Konstantinos Athanasopoulos & Ioannis Chatziioannou & Argyro-Maria Boutsi & Georgios Tsingenopoulos & Sofia Soile & Regina Chliverou & Zoe Petrakou & Efstathios Papanikolaou & Christos Karolemeas & Ef, 2024. "Integrating Cargo Bikes and Drones into Last-Mile Deliveries: Insights from Pilot Deliveries in Five Greek Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.

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