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Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents/Young Adults with Severe Diseases: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Carmassi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Valerio Dell’Oste

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Claudia Foghi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Carlo Antonio Bertelloni

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Eugenia Conti

    (IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy)

  • Sara Calderoni

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy)

  • Roberta Battini

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
    IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy)

  • Liliana Dell’Osso

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

Severe illnesses in children and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) may represent a complex burden for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of mental disorders, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few events are as potentially traumatizing as having a son or a daughter diagnosed with a severe, life-threatening, or disabling disease. The presence of PTSD symptoms in caregivers may compromise their efficacy as caregivers and negatively affect the child’s well-being. This systematic review aims at outlining potential risk and protective factors for the development of PTSD symptoms in caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe acute or chronic illnesses. Thirty-one studies on caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe, acute, or chronic diseases were included. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, illness-related distress, psychiatric symptoms, support, and coping styles were found as potential risk/protective factors across studies. It is crucial to consider risk factors affecting caregivers of severely ill young patients, in order to plan focused interventions aimed at preventing an adverse clinical outcome in caregivers and at enhancing caregivers’ coping skills, in order to ultimately improve their quality of life.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Carmassi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Claudia Foghi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Eugenia Conti & Sara Calderoni & Roberta Battini & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2020. "Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents/Young Adults with Severe Diseases: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:189-:d:469921
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Claudia Carmassi & Claudia Foghi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Andrea Fiorillo & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2020. "Risk and Protective Factors for PTSD in Caregivers of Adult Patients with Severe Medical Illnesses: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-17, August.
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