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Relationship between Phobic Anxiety in Work and Leisure Activity Situations, and Optimistic Bias Associated with COVID-19 among South Koreans

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  • Young-Jae Kim

    (Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea)

  • E-Sack Kim

    (Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea)

Abstract

Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the public is unable to maintain a proper balance between work and leisure, and an increase in community-based infections is causing severe phobic anxiety. Therefore, the present study investigated the differences in phobic anxiety between work and leisure activities according to optimistic bias among 533 South Korean citizens. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t -tests, and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the data. The results showed that for leisure activities, women showed a higher perception of phobic anxiety. In addition, the group showing high optimistic bias had a higher perception of phobic anxiety in both work and leisure activity situations. Therefore, support measures to lower phobic anxiety among women are needed at the government level, while support and interest from family members are needed at home. Moreover, local governments must ensure active involvement to mitigate phobic anxiety among individuals, and measures are needed to more actively implement infectious disease prevention behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Young-Jae Kim & E-Sack Kim, 2020. "Relationship between Phobic Anxiety in Work and Leisure Activity Situations, and Optimistic Bias Associated with COVID-19 among South Koreans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8436-:d:445060
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Young-Jae Kim & Jeong-Hyung Cho & E-Sack Kim, 2020. "Differences in Sense of Belonging, Pride, and Mental Health in the Daegu Metropolitan Region due to COVID-19: Comparison between the Presence and Absence of National Disaster Relief Fund," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-11, July.
    2. M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández & Óscar Rodrigo González-López & María Buenadicha-Mateos & Juan Luis Tato-Jiménez, 2019. "Work-Life Balance in Great Companies and Pending Issues for Engaging New Generations at Work," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Azzeddine Madani & Saad Eddine Boutebal & Christopher Robin Bryant, 2020. "The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mengen Zhang & HakJun Song, 2023. "A Study on the Structural Relationships between COVID-19 Coping Strategies, Positive Expectations, and the Behavioral Intentions of Various Tourism-Related Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-17, January.

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