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Relationships among Leisure Physical Activity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Fitness, and Happiness in Adults 65 Years or Older in Taiwan

Author

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  • Yi-Tien Lin

    (Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Mingchih Chen

    (Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Chien-Chang Ho

    (Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Tian-Shyug Lee

    (Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship among leisure physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, physical fitness, and happiness in healthy elderly adults aged over 65 years old in Taiwan. Data were recruited from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan, which was proposed in the Project on the Establishment of Physical Fitness Testing Stations by the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education. Participants were recruited from fitness testing stations set up in 22 counties and cities from October 2015 to May 2016. A total of 20,111 healthy older adults aged 65–102 years were recruited as research participants. The fitness testing procedure was described to all participants, who were provided with a standardized structured questionnaire. Participants’ data included sex, city or county of residence, living status (living together with others or living alone), education level, and income. Physical fitness testing was conducted in accordance with The Fitness Guide for Older Adults published by the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education. The testing involved cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and body composition. The t -test was used to evaluate the differences between continuous and grade variables under the two classification variables of sex, city or county of residence, and living status. We used the MARS (multivariate adaptive regression splines) model to analyze the effects of physical fitness variables and leisure physical activity variables on happiness. Among healthy elderly adults, sex, age, living status, body mass index, and leisure physical activity habits proved to be related to happiness. Aerobic endurance (2-min step test), muscular strength and endurance (30-s arm curl and 30-s chair stand tests), flexibility (back stretch and chair sit-and-reach tests), and balance ability (8-foot up-and-go tests and one-leg stance with eyes open tests) were found to be related to happiness. The results of this study indicate that increased physical activity and intensity, as well as physical fitness performance, are associated with improved happiness.

Suggested Citation

  • Yi-Tien Lin & Mingchih Chen & Chien-Chang Ho & Tian-Shyug Lee, 2020. "Relationships among Leisure Physical Activity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Fitness, and Happiness in Adults 65 Years or Older in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5235-:d:387100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Tian-Shyug & Chiu, Chih-Chou & Chou, Yu-Chao & Lu, Chi-Jie, 2006. "Mining the customer credit using classification and regression tree and multivariate adaptive regression splines," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 1113-1130, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel W. L. Lai & Xiaoting Ou & Jiahui Jin, 2022. "A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effect of an Outdoor Physical Activity Program on the Well-Being of Older Chinese People in Hong Kong," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-8, July.
    2. Elizabeth Wianto & Elty Sarvia & Chien-Hsu Chen, 2021. "Authoritative Parents and Dominant Children as the Center of Communication for Sustainable Healthy Aging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Eui-Jae Kim & Hyun-Wook Kang & Seong-Man Park, 2024. "Leisure and Happiness of the Elderly: A Machine Learning Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Mei-Fang Chen & Chun-Chin Tsai, 2022. "The Effectiveness of a Thanks, Sorry, Love, and Farewell Board Game in Older People in Taiwan: A Quasi-Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Hyun-Min Choi & Chansol Hurr & Sukwon Kim, 2020. "Effects of Elastic Band Exercise on Functional Fitness and Blood Pressure Response in the Healthy Elderly," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-10, September.

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