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Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Zhi Xuan Low

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Keith A. Yeo

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Vijay K. Sharma

    (Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Gilberto K. Leung

    (Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Roger S. McIntyre

    (Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
    Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada)

  • Anthony Guerrero

    (Department of Psychiatry, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA)

  • Brett Lu

    (Department of Psychiatry, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA)

  • Chun Chiang Sin Fai Lam

    (South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK)

  • Bach X. Tran

    (Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Vietnam Young Physicians’ Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Long H. Nguyen

    (Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam)

  • Cyrus S. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore)

  • Wilson W. Tam

    (Alice Lee School of Nursing, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore)

  • Roger C. Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
    Centre of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU), Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam)

Abstract

The burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. Uncertainty exists about the prevalence of burnout among medical and surgical residents. Associations between burnout and gender, age, specialty, and geographical location of training are unclear. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively summarize the global prevalence rates of burnout among residents, by specialty and its contributing factors. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies that examined the prevalence of burnout among residents from various specialties and countries. The primary outcome assessed was the aggregate prevalence of burnout among all residents. The random effects model was used to calculate the aggregate prevalence, and heterogeneity was assessed by I 2 statistic and Cochran’s Q statistic. We also performed meta-regression and subgroup analysis. The aggregate prevalence of burnout was 51.0% (95% CI: 45.0–57.0%, I 2 = 97%) in 22,778 residents. Meta-regression found that the mean age (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.28–0.40, p < 0.001) and the proportion of males (β = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.10–0.69, p = 0.009) were significant moderators. Subgroup analysis by specialty showed that radiology (77.16%, 95% CI: 5.99–99.45), neurology (71.93%, 95% CI: 65.78–77.39), and general surgery (58.39%, 95% CI: 45.72–70.04) were the top three specialties with the highest prevalence of burnout. In contrast, psychiatry (42.05%, 95% CI: 33.09–51.58), oncology (38.36%, 95% CI: 32.69–44.37), and family medicine (35.97%, 95% CI: 13.89–66.18) had the lowest prevalence of burnout. Subgroup analysis also found that the prevalence of burnout in several Asian countries was 57.18% (95% CI: 45.8–67.85); in several European countries it was 27.72% (95% CI: 17.4–41.11) and in North America it was 51.64% (46.96–56.28). Our findings suggest a high prevalence of burnout among medical and surgical residents. Older and male residents suffered more than their respective counterparts.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhi Xuan Low & Keith A. Yeo & Vijay K. Sharma & Gilberto K. Leung & Roger S. McIntyre & Anthony Guerrero & Brett Lu & Chun Chiang Sin Fai Lam & Bach X. Tran & Long H. Nguyen & Cyrus S. Ho & Wilson W. , 2019. "Prevalence of Burnout in Medical and Surgical Residents: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1479-:d:226067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Walter Wurm & Katrin Vogel & Anna Holl & Christoph Ebner & Dietmar Bayer & Sabrina Mörkl & Istvan-Szilard Szilagyi & Erich Hotter & Hans-Peter Kapfhammer & Peter Hofmann, 2016. "Depression-Burnout Overlap in Physicians," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, March.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Hugo Rodrigues & Ricardo Cobucci & Antônio Oliveira & João Victor Cabral & Leany Medeiros & Karen Gurgel & Tházio Souza & Ana Katherine Gonçalves, 2018. "Burnout syndrome among medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, November.
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    2. Guido A. Veldhuis & Teun Sluijs & Marianne H. J. van Zwieten & Jildau Bouwman & Noortje M. Wiezer & Heleen M. Wortelboer, 2020. "A Proof-of-Concept System Dynamics Simulation Model of the Development of Burnout and Recovery Using Retrospective Case Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-28, August.
    3. Monica Pellerone & Venerando Rapisarda & Maria Chiara Antonietta Trischitta & Ermanno Vitale & Tiziana Ramaci, 2020. "Burnout and Self-Perceived Instructional Competence: An Exploratory Study of a Group of Italian Female Elementary School Teachers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Kinga Witczak-Błoszyk & Karolina Krysińska & Karl Andriessen & Jacek Stańdo & Adam Czabański, 2022. "Work-Related Suicide Exposure, Occupational Burnout, and Coping in Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Andy Wai Kan Yeung, 2022. "Radiolucent Lesions of the Jaws: An Attempted Demonstration of the Use of Co-Word Analysis to List Main Similar Pathologies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-11, February.

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