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Cigarette Smoking among Economically Disadvantaged African-American Older Adults in South Los Angeles: Gender Differences

Author

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  • Shervin Assari

    (Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA)

  • James L. Smith

    (Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA)

  • Marc A. Zimmerman

    (Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA)

  • Mohsen Bazargan

    (Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
    Departments of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA)

Abstract

The current study aims to explore gender differences in the risk of cigarette smoking among African-American (AA) older adults who live in economically disadvantaged urban areas of southern Los Angeles. This cross-sectional study enrolled 576 older AA adults (age range between 65 and 96 years) who were residing in Service Planning Area 6 (SPA 6), one of the most economically challenged areas in southern Los Angeles. All participants had cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews. Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic status (educational attainment and financial difficulty), health (number of comorbid medical conditions and depressive symptoms), and health behaviors (current alcohol drinking and current smoking) were measured. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data without and with interaction terms between gender and current drinking, depressive symptoms, and financial difficulty. AA men reported more smoking than AA women (25.3% versus 9.3%; p < 0.05). Drinking showed a stronger association with smoking for AA men than AA women. Depressive symptoms, however, showed stronger effects on smoking for AA women than AA men. Gender did not interact with financial difficulty with regard to current smoking. As AA older men and women differ in psychological and behavioral determinants of cigarette smoking, gender-specific smoking cessation interventions for AA older adults who live in economically deprived urban areas may be more successful than interventions and programs that do not consider gender differences in determinants of smoking. Gender-tailored smoking cessation programs that address drinking for AA men and depression for AA women may help reduce the burden of smoking in AA older adults in economically disadvantaged urban areas. Given the non-random sampling, there is a need for replication of these findings in future studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Shervin Assari & James L. Smith & Marc A. Zimmerman & Mohsen Bazargan, 2019. "Cigarette Smoking among Economically Disadvantaged African-American Older Adults in South Los Angeles: Gender Differences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:7:p:1208-:d:219915
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shervin Assari & James Smith & Mohsen Bazargan, 2019. "Health-Related Quality of Life of Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults: Age and Gender Differences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Edward Adinkrah & Babak Najand & Angela Young-Brinn, 2023. "Race and Ethnic Differences in the Protective Effect of Parental Educational Attainment on Subsequent Perceived Tobacco Norms among US Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Janine Quittschalle & Alexander Pabst & Margrit Löbner & Melanie Luppa & Kathrin Heser & Michael Wagner & Hendrik van den Bussche & André Hajek & Hans-Helmut König & Birgitt Wiese & Matthias C. Angerm, 2021. "Association of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption with Depression Severity in the Oldest Old. Results from the Age Different Old Age Cohort Platform," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.
    4. Shervin Assari & Cheryl Wisseh & Mohsen Bazargan, 2019. "Obesity and Polypharmacy among African American Older Adults: Gender as the Moderator and Multimorbidity as the Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
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    7. Mohsen Bazargan & James Smith & Mohammed Saqib & Hamid Helmi & Shervin Assari, 2019. "Associations between Polypharmacy, Self-Rated Health, and Depression in African American Older Adults; Mediators and Moderators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    8. Shervin Assari & James Smith & Mohsen Bazargan, 2019. "Depression Fully Mediates the Effect of Multimorbidity on Self-Rated Health for Economically Disadvantaged African American Men but Not Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Lisa Wahidatul Oktaviani & Hui-Chuan Hsu & Yi-Chun Chen, 2022. "Effects of Health-Related Behaviors and Changes on Successful Aging among Indonesian Older People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-17, May.
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