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Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children’s Vitality-Relaxation Scale

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  • Kyung-Sook Bang

    (Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Sungjae Kim

    (Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Kalevi M. Korpela

    (Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland)

  • Min Kyung Song

    (College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Gumhee Lee

    (College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Yeseul Jeong

    (College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea)

Abstract

This study developed the Children’s Vitality-Relaxation Scale (CVRS) by revising the adult version of the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS). The CVRS was translated and culturally adapted into Korean, and its reliability and validity were evaluated in a cross-sectional, descriptive design study. Data collected from 181 elementary school students in grades 4‒6 were used to test the validity and reliability of the CVRS. Exploratory factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation, known-groups comparison, and Cronbach’s alpha were used for analysis. The factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure, and all factor loadings were above 0.40. The CVRS was a seven-point Likert scale consisting of eight items, which were classified as “vitality” (four items) and “relaxation” (four items). The external construct validity with the PANAS, PSS, and SRI was acceptable. In the known-groups comparison, the CVRS score was significantly higher for boys than for girls, and the CVRS score for high-income students was higher than low-income students. The Cronbach’s α for the scale was 0.84 and ranged from 0.72–0.87 for the subscales. Results showed that the CVRS is a valid and reliable scale with acceptable psychometric characteristics in Korean children. The scale can be used to measure children’s affect in various settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyung-Sook Bang & Sungjae Kim & Kalevi M. Korpela & Min Kyung Song & Gumhee Lee & Yeseul Jeong, 2019. "Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children’s Vitality-Relaxation Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3369-:d:266486
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ironson, Gail & Banerjee, Nikhil & Fitch, Calvin & Krause, Neal, 2018. "Positive emotional well-being, health Behaviors, and inflammation measured by C-Reactive protein," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 235-243.
    2. Subin Park & Hyesue Jang & Eun-Sun Lee, 2018. "Major Stressors among Korean Adolescents According to Gender, Educational Level, Residential Area, and Socioeconomic Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-9, September.
    3. Ed Diener & Derrick Wirtz & William Tov & Chu Kim-Prieto & Dong-won Choi & Shigehiro Oishi & Robert Biswas-Diener, 2010. "New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 97(2), pages 143-156, June.
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    Keywords

    affect; child; scale development;
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