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Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Yunfei Cheng

    (Institution of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    Exploratory and Special Projects, International Institution for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg 2361, Austria)

  • Tatiana Ermolieva

    (Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institution for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg 2361, Austria)

  • Gui-Ying Cao

    (Exploratory and Special Projects, International Institution for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg 2361, Austria)

  • Xiaoying Zheng

    (Institution of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

This paper aimed to estimate health risks focusing on respiratory diseases from exposure to gaseous multi-pollutants based on new data and revealed new evidence after the most stringent air pollution control plan in Beijing which was carried out in 2013. It used daily respiratory diseases outpatient data from a hospital located in Beijing with daily meteorological data and monitor data of air pollutants from local authorities. All data were collected from 2014 to 2016. Distributed lag non-linear model was employed. Results indicated that NO 2 and CO had positive association with outpatients number on the day of the exposure (1.045 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003, 1.089) for CO and 1.022 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.036) for NO 2 ) (and on the day after the exposure (1.026 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.048) for CO and 1.013 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.021) for NO 2 ). Relative risk (RR) generally declines with the number of lags; ozone produces significant effects on the first day (RR = 0.993 (95% CI: 0.989, 0.998)) as well as second day (RR = 0.995 (95% CI: 0.991, 0.999)) after the exposure, while particulate pollutants did not produce significant effects. Effects from the short-term exposure to gaseous pollutants were robust after controlling for particulate matters. Our results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the dependencies between the change of air pollutants concentration and their health effects in Beijing after the implementation of promising air regulations in 2013. Results of the study can be used to develop relevant measures minimizing the adverse health consequences of air pollutants and supporting sustainable development of Beijing as well as other rapidly growing Asian cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunfei Cheng & Tatiana Ermolieva & Gui-Ying Cao & Xiaoying Zheng, 2018. "Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:1969-:d:168838
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ran Li & Ning Jiang & Qichen Liu & Jing Huang & Xinbiao Guo & Fan Liu & Zhancheng Gao, 2017. "Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Gasparrini, Antonio, 2011. "Distributed Lag Linear and Non-Linear Models in R: The Package dlnm," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 43(i08).
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