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Parenting Style and Reactive and Proactive Adolescent Violence: Evidence from Spain

Author

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  • David Moreno-Ruiz

    (Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 13., 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Estefanía Estévez

    (Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. De la Universidad s/n, Edificio Altamira, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain)

  • Teresa I. Jiménez

    (Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain)

  • Sergio Murgui

    (Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 13., 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the parenting styles—authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful—and reactive and proactive school violence among peers. These analyses were also performed by sex and age groups. The sample consisted of 2399 Spanish adolescents (50.2% male), aged between 12 and 18 years, mean (M) = 14.69, standard deviation ( SD ) = 1.82. A multivariate analisys of variance (MANOVA, 4 × 2 × 2) was applied, considering parenting style, sex, and age group (12–14 and 15–18 years) as independent variables to analyze the possible effects of interaction. Reactive, proactive, and pure violence were the dependent variables. The results showed the main effects of parenting styles, sex, and age, as well as an interaction between sex, age, and parenting styles. The interpretation of the findings suggested that the authoritarian parenting style was related to greater engagement in proactive and reactive violent behaviors. In relation to the effect of the interaction between sex, age, and parenting styles, it was observed that adolescents from indulgent families, of both sexes and in any of the studied age groups, obtained lower scores in proactive violence. The discussion highlights the importance of affection and warmth for well-adjusted children’s behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • David Moreno-Ruiz & Estefanía Estévez & Teresa I. Jiménez & Sergio Murgui, 2018. "Parenting Style and Reactive and Proactive Adolescent Violence: Evidence from Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:12:p:2634-:d:185328
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. María Del Milagro Aymerich & Gonzalo Musitu & Francisco Palmero, 2018. "Family Socialisation Styles and Hostility in the Adolescent Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-12, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Belén Martínez-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Ana Romero-Abrio & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2019. "Which Parenting Style Encourages Healthy Lifestyles in Teenage Children? Proposal for a Model of Integrative Parenting Styles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-7, June.
    3. María Dosil & Joana Jaureguizar & Elena Bernaras & Juliana Burges Sbicigo, 2020. "Teen Dating Violence, Sexism, and Resilience: A Multivariate Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Cristian Suárez-Relinque & Gonzalo del Moral Arroyo & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas Jerónimo, 2019. "Child-To-Parent Violence: Which Parenting Style Is More Protective? A Study with Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    5. María Muñiz-Rivas & María Vera & Amapola Povedano-Díaz, 2019. "Parental Style, Dating Violence and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.
    6. Oscar F. Garcia & Emilia Serra, 2019. "Raising Children with Poor School Performance: Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Adolescent and Adult Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    7. Isabel Martinez & Fernando Garcia & Feliciano Veiga & Oscar F. Garcia & Yara Rodrigues & Emilia Serra, 2020. "Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Teresa I. Jiménez & David Moreno-Ruiz & Estefanía Estévez & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Ginesa López-Crespo & Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas, 2021. "Academic Competence, Teacher–Student Relationship, and Violence and Victimisation in Adolescents: The Classroom Climate as a Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    9. Ching-Yu Huang & Yi-Ping Hsieh & April Chiung-Tao Shen & Hsi-Sheng Wei & Jui-Ying Feng & Hsiao-Lin Hwa & Joyce Yen Feng, 2019. "Relationships between Parent-Reported Parenting, Child-Perceived Parenting, and Children’s Mental Health in Taiwanese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    10. María C. Fuentes & Rafael García-Ros & Francisco Pérez-González & Dolores Sancerni, 2019. "Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    11. Inge Axpe & Arantzazu Rodríguez-Fernández & Eider Goñi & Iratxe Antonio-Agirre, 2019. "Parental Socialization Styles: The Contribution of Paternal and Maternal Affect/Communication and Strictness to Family Socialization Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    12. Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.
    13. Benito León-del-Barco & Santiago Mendo-Lázaro & María I. Polo-del-Río & Víctor M. López-Ramos, 2019. "Parental Psychological Control and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders among Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, February.
    14. Isabel Martínez & Fernando Garcia & María C. Fuentes & Feliciano Veiga & Oscar F. Garcia & Yara Rodrigues & Edie Cruise & Emilia Serra, 2019. "Researching Parental Socialization Styles across Three Cultural Contexts: Scale ESPA29 Bi-Dimensional Validity in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    15. Santiago Mendo-Lázaro & Benito León-del-Barco & María-Isabel Polo-del-Río & Rocío Yuste-Tosina & Víctor-María López-Ramos, 2019. "The Role of Parental Acceptance–Rejection in Emotional Instability During Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-14, April.
    16. Fernando Garcia & Emilia Serra & Oscar F. Garcia & Isabel Martinez & Edie Cruise, 2019. "A Third Emerging Stage for the Current Digital Society? Optimal Parenting Styles in Spain, the United States, Germany, and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
    17. Pablo Queiroz & Oscar F. Garcia & Fernando Garcia & Juan J. Zacares & Cleonice Camino, 2020. "Self and Nature: Parental Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-14, May.

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