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Effects of Lifetime Unemployment Experience and Job Insecurity on Two-Year Risk of Physician-Diagnosed Incident Depression in the German Working Population

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  • Natalia Wege

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre of Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

  • Peter Angerer

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre of Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jian Li

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre of Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Unemployment and job insecurity have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the separate and combined effects of lifetime unemployment experience and job insecurity on the incidence of depression in an unselected working population in Germany. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) study were used, as was a final sample of those currently employed, with complete data at baseline (2009) and follow-up (2011) restricted to those free of depression in 2009 ( n = 7073). Poisson regression analysis was applied to test the prospective associations between unemployment, job insecurity, and a two-year incident of depression. Results showed that the experience of unemployment and perceived job insecurity were significantly associated with a higher risk of depression during the two-year follow-up (risk ratios 1.64; 95% confidence intervals (1.16, 2.31) and risk ratios 1.48; 95% confidence intervals (1.13, 1.92), respectively). Notably, the strongest risk was observed among participants with insecure jobs and past long-term unemployment (risk ratios 2.15; 95% confidence intervals (1.32; 3.52)). In conclusion, even during employment, the experience of lifetime unemployment led to a higher risk of depression. The combination of previous unemployment experience and anticipated job insecurity increased the risk of developing depression. Results support health promotion with special emphasis on unemployment and precarious working conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalia Wege & Peter Angerer & Jian Li, 2017. "Effects of Lifetime Unemployment Experience and Job Insecurity on Two-Year Risk of Physician-Diagnosed Incident Depression in the German Working Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:8:p:904-:d:107870
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hans De Witte & Katharina Näswall, 2003. "`Objective' vs `Subjective' Job Insecurity: Consequences of Temporary Work for Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Four European Countries," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 24(2), pages 149-188, May.
    2. Allison Milner & Andrew Page & Anthony D LaMontagne, 2013. "Long-Term Unemployment and Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-6, January.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Carola Rong & Caroline Park & Joshua D. Rosenblat & Mehala Subramaniapillai & Hannah Zuckerman & Dominika Fus & Yena L. Lee & Zihang Pan & Elisa Brietzke & Rodrigo B. Mansur & Danielle S. Cha & Leanna, 2018. "Predictors of Response to Ketamine in Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Sonia Nawrocka & Hans De Witte & Margherita Brondino & Margherita Pasini, 2021. "On the Reciprocal Relationship between Quantitative and Qualitative Job Insecurity and Outcomes. Testing a Cross-Lagged Longitudinal Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-28, June.
    4. Syahrir Zaini & Harvin Anbu Manivanna Bharathy & Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman & Jesjeet Singh Gill & Koh Ong Hui & Hasniza Zaman Huri & Siti Hadijah Shamsudin & Ng Chong Guan, 2018. "Development of a Strategic Tool for Shared Decision-Making in the Use of Antidepressants among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Focus Group Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-12, July.
    5. Yucel Demiral & Tobias Ihle & Uwe Rose & Paul Maurice Conway & Hermann Burr, 2022. "Precarious Work as Risk Factor for 5-Year Increase in Depressive Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-21, March.

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