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HIV, Other Blood-Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst Expatriates and Travellers to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Gemma Crawford

    (Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia)

  • Roanna Lobo

    (Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia)

  • Graham Brown

    (Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
    Australian Research Centre in Sex Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia)

  • Chloe Macri

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia)

  • Hannah Smith

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia)

  • Bruce Maycock

    (Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia)

Abstract

In some high-income countries, a proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), other blood-borne virus (BBV) or sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses have been reported as acquired overseas in low- and middle-income countries. A review was conducted to explore HIV, other BBV or STI related knowledge, risk behavior and acquisition amongst expatriates and travelers, particularly males, travelling from high to low- and middle-income countries. Seven academic databases were searched for 26 peer reviewed articles that met inclusion criteria. Significant variability in the studies was noted, in age, travel duration and frequency and outcomes/risk factors measured and reported on. Risk factors described included longer duration of stay; being single; travel for romance or sex; alcohol and other drug use; lack of travel advice; being male; higher number of sexual partners; and inconsistent condom use. Vaccination, pre-travel health advice, and having fewer sexual partners were described as protective. Studies are needed focusing on the social context in which risk-taking occurs. Better collaboration is essential to deliver comprehensive health promotion interventions alongside more consistent pre- and post- travel testing and advice. Policy measures are crucial, including consistent evaluation indicators to assess impacts of HIV, other BBVs or STIs in the context of mobility. Risks and responses for these epidemics are shared globally.

Suggested Citation

  • Gemma Crawford & Roanna Lobo & Graham Brown & Chloe Macri & Hannah Smith & Bruce Maycock, 2016. "HIV, Other Blood-Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst Expatriates and Travellers to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:12:p:1249-:d:85379
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Danielle Kelly & Karen Hughes & Mark A. Bellis, 2014. "Work Hard, Party Harder: Drug Use and Sexual Behaviour in Young British Casual Workers in Ibiza, Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-11, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sebastien Fleuret, 2024. "Backpackers’ Tourism and Health: A Narrative Literature Review," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Donna Angelina Rade & Gemma Crawford & Roanna Lobo & Corie Gray & Graham Brown, 2018. "Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Jessica McCann & Gemma Crawford & Jonathan Hallett, 2021. "Sex Worker Health Outcomes in High-Income Countries of Varied Regulatory Environments: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Corie Gray & Gemma Crawford & Bruce Maycock & Roanna Lobo, 2021. "Socioecological Factors Influencing Sexual Health Experiences and Health Outcomes of Migrant Asian Women Living in ‘Western’ High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Corie Gray & Roanna Lobo & Lea Narciso & Enaam Oudih & Praveena Gunaratnam & Rachel Thorpe & Gemma Crawford, 2019. "Why I Can’t, Won’t or Don’t Test for HIV: Insights from Australian Migrants Born in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.

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