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A Novel Socioeconomic Measure Using Individual Housing Data in Cardiovascular Outcome Research

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  • Duk Won Bang

    (Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
    Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 22, Daesagwan-gil (657 Hannam-dong), Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-743, Korea)

  • Sheila M. Manemann

    (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

  • Yariv Gerber

    (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 699780, Israel)

  • Veronique L. Roger

    (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
    Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

  • Christine M. Lohse

    (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

  • Jennifer Rand-Weaver

    (Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

  • Elizabeth Krusemark

    (Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

  • Barbara P. Yawn

    (Department of Research, Olmsted Medical Center, 210 Ninth Street SE, Rochester, MN 55904, USA)

  • Young J. Juhn

    (Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
    Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA)

Abstract

Background : To assess whether the individual housing-based socioeconomic status (SES) measure termed HOUSES was associated with post-myocardial infarction (MI) mortality. Methods : The study was designed as a population-based cohort study, which compared post-MI mortality among Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, residents with different SES as measured by HOUSES using Cox proportional hazards models. Subjects’ addresses at index date of MI were geocoded to real property data to formulate HOUSES (a z-score for housing value, square footage, and numbers of bedrooms and bathrooms). Educational levels were used as a comparison for the HOUSES index. Results : 637 of the 696 eligible patients with MI (92%) were successfully geocoded to real property data. Post-MI survival rates were 60% (50–72), 78% (71–85), 72% (60–87), and 87% (81–93) at 2 years for patients in the first (the lowest SES), second, third, and fourth quartiles of HOUSES, respectively ( p < 0.001). HOUSES was associated with post-MI all-cause mortality, controlling for all variables except age and comorbidity ( p = 0.036) but was not significant after adjusting for age and comorbidity ( p = 0.24). Conclusions : Although HOUSES is associated with post-MI mortality, the differential mortality rates by HOUSES were primarily accounted for by age and comorbid conditions. HOUSES may be useful for health disparities research concerning cardiovascular outcomes, especially in overcoming the paucity of conventional SES measures in commonly used datasets.

Suggested Citation

  • Duk Won Bang & Sheila M. Manemann & Yariv Gerber & Veronique L. Roger & Christine M. Lohse & Jennifer Rand-Weaver & Elizabeth Krusemark & Barbara P. Yawn & Young J. Juhn, 2014. "A Novel Socioeconomic Measure Using Individual Housing Data in Cardiovascular Outcome Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:11:p:11597-11615:d:42199
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Smith, Susan J., 1990. "Health status and the housing system," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 753-762, January.
    2. Smith, G.D. & Egger, M., 1992. "Socioeconomic differences in mortality in Britain and the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(8), pages 1079-1081.
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