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The Utility of Sentinel-2 MSI Data to Estimate Wetland Vegetation Leaf Area Index in Natural and Rehabilitated Wetlands

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  • Nonjabulo Neliswa Tshabalala

    (Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pitermaritzburg Camous, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa)

  • Onisimo Mutanga

    (Discipline of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pitermaritzburg Camous, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa)

  • Mbulisi Sibanda

    (Department of Geography, Environmental Studies and Tourism, Faculty of Arts, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

Abstract

Wetland ecosystems are being modified and threatened due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, hence the urgent need for wetland restoration. Wetland rehabilitation is important in the reversal of these dire conditions, and this can be pursued through restoring damaged wetland ecosystems and recovering wetland vegetation. Wetland biophysical properties such as leaf area index (LAI) are important indicators of vegetation productivity and stress. Therefore, the study sought to test the potential of Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument (MSI) derived standard bands, traditional vegetation indices and red-edge derived vegetation indices in estimating wetland vegetation LAI across natural and rehabilitated wetlands. Traditional field surveys were carried out for LAI measurement of wetland vegetation using the LAI-2200 Plant Canopy Analyser. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) algorithms were used to compare the estimation strength of models derived from all Sentinel-2 MSI bands, conventional vegetation indices and red-edge derived vegetation indices. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was completed on a selected measured dataset to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the estimation models. The optimal models for estimating wetland vegetation LAI were produced based on red-edge bands centred between the 705–783 nm as well as the 865 nm (Band 8a) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results showed that vegetation indices derived from red-edge bands performed better at estimating LAI for both wetlands with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) of 0.32 m 2 /m 2 and R 2 of 0.61 for the natural wetland, and RMSE of 0.51 m 2 /m 2 and R 2 of 0.75 for the rehabilitated wetland. The optimal model for predicting LAI across natural and rehabilitated wetlands was attained based on red-edge bands centred at 705 nm (Band 5), 740 nm (Band 6), 783 nm (Band 7) as well as 865 nm (Band 8a) yielding a RMSE of 0.51 m 2 /m 2 and R 2 of 0.54. Overall, the results underscore the importance of remotely sensed derived data and vegetation indices in the optimal characterisation of wetland vegetation productivity which can be utilized in the monitoring and management of wetland ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Nonjabulo Neliswa Tshabalala & Onisimo Mutanga & Mbulisi Sibanda, 2021. "The Utility of Sentinel-2 MSI Data to Estimate Wetland Vegetation Leaf Area Index in Natural and Rehabilitated Wetlands," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 1(3), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jgeogr:v:1:y:2021:i:3:p:11-191:d:657889
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mevik, Björn-Helge & Wehrens, Ron, 2007. "The pls Package: Principal Component and Partial Least Squares Regression in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 18(i02).
    2. Turner, R. Kerry & van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M. & Soderqvist, Tore & Barendregt, Aat & van der Straaten, Jan & Maltby, Edward & van Ierland, Ekko C., 2000. "Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 7-23, October.
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