IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jfinte/v1y2021i1p4-62d714689.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modeling and Forecasting Cryptocurrency Closing Prices with Rao Algorithm-Based Artificial Neural Networks: A Machine Learning Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Sanjib Kumar Nayak

    (Department of Computer Application, VSS University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur 768018, India)

  • Sarat Chandra Nayak

    (Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad 501401, India)

  • Subhranginee Das

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KL University), Hyderabad 500075, India)

Abstract

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are suitable procedures for predicting financial time series (FTS). Cryptocurrencies are good investment assets; therefore, the effective prediction of cryptocurrencies has become a trending area of research. Capturing inherent uncertainties associated with cryptocurrency FTS with conventional methods is difficult. Though ANNs are the better alternative, fixing the optimal parameters of ANNs is a tedious job. This article develops a hybrid ANN through Rao algorithm (RA + ANN) for the effective prediction of six popular cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, CMC 200, Tether, and Ripple. Six comparative models such as GA + ANN, PSO + ANN, MLP, SVM, LSE, and ARIMA are developed and trained in a similar way. All these models are evaluated through the mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) and average relative variance (ARV) metrics. It is found that the proposed RA + ANN generated the lowest MAPE and ARV values, statistically different as compared with existing methods mentioned above, and hence can be recommended as a potential financial instrument for predicting cryptocurrencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Sanjib Kumar Nayak & Sarat Chandra Nayak & Subhranginee Das, 2021. "Modeling and Forecasting Cryptocurrency Closing Prices with Rao Algorithm-Based Artificial Neural Networks: A Machine Learning Approach," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jfinte:v:1:y:2021:i:1:p:4-62:d:714689
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/1/1/4/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/1/1/4/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sarat Chandra Nayak & Bijan Bihari Misra & Himansu Sekhar Behera, 2016. "An Adaptive Second Order Neural Network with Genetic-Algorithm-based Training (ASONN-GA) to Forecast the Closing Prices of the Stock Market," International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing (IJAMC), IGI Global, vol. 7(2), pages 39-57, April.
    2. Masafumi Nakano & Akihiko Takahashi & Soichiro Takahashi, 2018. "Bitcoin technical trading with artificial neural network," CARF F-Series CARF-F-441, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    3. Masafumi Nakano & Akihiko Takahashi & Soichiro Takahashi, 2018. "Bitcoin technical trading with artificial neural network," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1078, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    4. Sarat Chandra Nayak & Bijan Bihari Misra & Himansu Sekhar Behera, 2016. "Efficient forecasting of financial time-series data with virtual adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system," International Journal of Business Forecasting and Marketing Intelligence, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(4), pages 379-402.
    5. Angelo Corelli, 2018. "Cryptocurrencies and Exchange Rates: A Relationship and Causality Analysis," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-11, October.
    6. Masafumi Nakano & Akihiko Takahashi & Soichiro Takahashi, 2018. "Bitcoin Technical Trading with Articial Neural Network," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1090, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    7. Sarat Chandra Nayak & Bijan Bihari Misra, 2019. "A chemical-reaction-optimization-based neuro-fuzzy hybrid network for stock closing price prediction," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-34, December.
    8. Laura Alessandretti & Abeer ElBahrawy & Luca Maria Aiello & Andrea Baronchelli, 2018. "Anticipating cryptocurrency prices using machine learning," Papers 1805.08550, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2018.
    9. Corbet, Shaen & Lucey, Brian & Urquhart, Andrew & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 182-199.
    10. Sarat Chandra Nayak & Bijan Bihari Misra, 2020. "Extreme learning with chemical reaction optimization for stock volatility prediction," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-23, December.
    11. Nader Trabelsi, 2018. "Are There Any Volatility Spill-Over Effects among Cryptocurrencies and Widely Traded Asset Classes?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, October.
    12. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2019. "A Survey on Efficiency and Profitable Trading Opportunities in Cryptocurrency Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, April.
    13. Masafumi Nakano & Akihiko Takahashi & Soichiro Takahashi, 2018. "Bitcoin technical trading with artificial neural network," CARF F-Series CARF-F-430, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    14. Laura Alessandretti & Abeer ElBahrawy & Luca Maria Aiello & Andrea Baronchelli, 2018. "Anticipating Cryptocurrency Prices Using Machine Learning," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-16, November.
    15. Nakano, Masafumi & Takahashi, Akihiko & Takahashi, Soichiro, 2018. "Bitcoin technical trading with artificial neural network," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 510(C), pages 587-609.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fan Fang & Carmine Ventre & Michail Basios & Leslie Kanthan & Lingbo Li & David Martinez-Regoband & Fan Wu, 2020. "Cryptocurrency Trading: A Comprehensive Survey," Papers 2003.11352, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    2. Suhwan Ji & Jongmin Kim & Hyeonseung Im, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Bitcoin Price Prediction Using Deep Learning," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Fan Fang & Carmine Ventre & Michail Basios & Leslie Kanthan & David Martinez-Rego & Fan Wu & Lingbo Li, 2022. "Cryptocurrency trading: a comprehensive survey," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-59, December.
    4. Helder Miguel Correia Virtuoso Sebastião & Paulo José Osório Rupino Da Cunha & Pedro Manuel Cortesão Godinho, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Overview and future perspectives," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 21(3), pages 305-342.
    5. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chao-Qun & Kong, Xiao-Lin & Baltas, Konstantinos & Zureigat, Qasim, 2022. "Past, present, and future of the application of machine learning in cryptocurrency research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    6. Flori, Andrea, 2019. "News and subjective beliefs: A Bayesian approach to Bitcoin investments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 336-356.
    7. Helder Sebastião & Pedro Godinho, 2021. "Forecasting and trading cryptocurrencies with machine learning under changing market conditions," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-30, December.
    8. Erdinc Akyildirim & Oguzhan Cepni & Shaen Corbet & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2023. "Forecasting mid-price movement of Bitcoin futures using machine learning," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 330(1), pages 553-584, November.
    9. Bouri, Elie & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Saeed, Tareq & Wang, Shixuan & Zhao, Yuqian, 2021. "On the intraday return curves of Bitcoin: Predictability and trading opportunities," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    10. Vasu Kalariya & Pushpendra Parmar & Patel Jay & Sudeep Tanwar & Maria Simona Raboaca & Fayez Alqahtani & Amr Tolba & Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, 2022. "Stochastic Neural Networks-Based Algorithmic Trading for the Cryptocurrency Market," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, April.
    11. Jlassi, Nabila Boukef & Jeribi, Ahmed & Lahiani, Amine & Mefteh-Wali, Salma, 2023. "Subsample analysis of stock market – cryptocurrency returns tail dependence: A copula approach for the tails," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).
    12. R. K. Jana & Indranil Ghosh & Debojyoti Das, 2021. "A differential evolution-based regression framework for forecasting Bitcoin price," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 306(1), pages 295-320, November.
    13. Dimitris Andriosopoulos & Michalis Doumpos & Panos M. Pardalos & Constantin Zopounidis, 2019. "Computational approaches and data analytics in financial services: A literature review," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 70(10), pages 1581-1599, October.
    14. Krzysztof Piasecki & Michał Dominik Stasiak, 2020. "Optimization Parameters of Trading System with Constant Modulus of Unit Return," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-17, August.
    15. Zvonko Merkaš & Vlasta Roška, 2021. "The Impact of Unsystematic Factors on Bitcoin Value," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, November.
    16. Zura Kakushadze & Willie Yu, 2019. "Altcoin-Bitcoin Arbitrage," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 87-110.
    17. Lahmiri, Salim & Bekiros, Stelios, 2019. "Cryptocurrency forecasting with deep learning chaotic neural networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 35-40.
    18. Masafumi Nakano & Akihiko Takahashi, 2019. "A New Investment Method with AutoEncoder: Applications to Cryptocurrencies," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1128, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    19. Qiutong Guo & Shun Lei & Qing Ye & Zhiyang Fang, 2021. "MRC-LSTM: A Hybrid Approach of Multi-scale Residual CNN and LSTM to Predict Bitcoin Price," Papers 2105.00707, arXiv.org.
    20. Zura Kakushadze, 2018. "Cryptoasset Factor Models," Papers 1811.07860, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2019.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jfinte:v:1:y:2021:i:1:p:4-62:d:714689. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.