IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i8p2113-d1638296.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of Environmental Factors Influencing Photovoltaic System Efficiency Under Real-World Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Krzysztof Pytel

    (Department of Power Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Wiktor Hudy

    (Institute of Technology, University of the National Education Commission, ul. Podchorażych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland)

  • Roman Filipek

    (Department of Power Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Malgorzata Piaskowska-Silarska

    (Institute of Technology, University of the National Education Commission, ul. Podchorażych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland)

  • Jana Depešová

    (Department of Technology and Information Technologies, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia)

  • Robert Sito

    (Department of Technology and Information Technologies, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia)

  • Ewa Janiszewska

    (Department of Vocational Subjects Didactics, DTI University, Dukelská štvrť 1404/613, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia)

  • Izabela Sieradzka

    (Department of Vocational Subjects Didactics, DTI University, Dukelská štvrť 1404/613, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia)

  • Krzysztof Sulkowski

    (Department of Vocational Subjects Didactics, DTI University, Dukelská štvrť 1404/613, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia)

Abstract

The study addresses the impact of selected environmental factors on the energy production of photovoltaic systems under real outdoor conditions, with particular emphasis on the application of evolutionary computation techniques. The experiment was carried out on a dedicated test stand, where measurements were made under natural environmental conditions. Parameters such as solar irradiance, wind speed, temperature, air pollution, and obtained PV power were continuously recorded. Initial correlation analysis using Pearson and Spearman coefficients confirmed associations between environmental factors and power output, especially solar irradiance. In order to advance the analysis beyond conventional methods, a linear regression model was developed in which the model weights were optimized using evolutionary algorithms, allowing for a more robust assessment of the contribution of each parameter. The results showed that solar irradiance accounted for 97.79% of the variance in photovoltaic power, while temperature (0.95%), air pollution (0.72%), and wind speed (0.54%) had significantly lower impacts. The implementation of evolutionary algorithms represents a novel approach in this context and has proven to be effective in quantifying environmental influence under complex real-world conditions. Furthermore, the findings highlight the indirect role of air pollution in attenuating irradiance and reducing system efficiency. These insights provide a foundation for the development of adaptive control strategies and predictive models to optimize the performance of the photovoltaic system in dynamic environmental settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Pytel & Wiktor Hudy & Roman Filipek & Malgorzata Piaskowska-Silarska & Jana Depešová & Robert Sito & Ewa Janiszewska & Izabela Sieradzka & Krzysztof Sulkowski, 2025. "Evaluation of Environmental Factors Influencing Photovoltaic System Efficiency Under Real-World Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-32, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:2113-:d:1638296
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2113/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2113/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xie, Jun & Zhao, Bingzi & Zhang, Hang & Fu, Zheng & Yang, Tianhua & Li, Rundong, 2023. "Experimental study on the effect of dust particle deposition on photovoltaic performance of urban buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    2. Carmen Otilia Rusănescu & Marin Rusănescu & Irina Aura Istrate & Gabriel Alexandru Constantin & Mihaela Begea, 2023. "The Effect of Dust Deposition on the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Mina Nezamisavojbolaghi & Erfan Davodian & Amal Bouich & Mouhaydine Tlemçani & Oumaima Mesbahi & Fernando M. Janeiro, 2023. "The Impact of Dust Deposition on PV Panels’ Efficiency and Mitigation Solutions: Review Article," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Warsama, Aziza Idriss & Selimli, Selcuk, 2024. "Effect of dust deposition density and particle size on the energetic and exergetic performance of photovoltaic modules: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    5. Gustavo Cáceres & Shahriyar Nasirov & Huili Zhang & Gerardo Araya-Letelier, 2014. "Residential Solar PV Planning in Santiago, Chile: Incorporating the PM10 Parameter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Zhiyuan & Yang, Jingjing & Li, Guangchen & Wu, Chengjin & Zhang, Rongpeng & Chen, Yixing, 2025. "Development of rooftop photovoltaic models to support urban building energy modeling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    2. Zhao, Weiping & Lv, Yukun & Dong, Zhiguang & Zhao, Fang & Lv, Fengyong & Yan, Weiping, 2024. "Effect of self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating on dust deposition and performance of PV modules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    3. Liu, Yang & Sun, Kangwen & Lv, Mingyun, 2024. "Mission-oriented dynamic reconfiguration of airborne photovoltaic array based on multidisciplinary model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Agata Szlapa-Kula & Przemyslaw Ledwon & Agnieszka Krawiec & Slawomir Kula, 2023. "Dibenzofulvene Derivatives as Promising Materials for Photovoltaic and Organic Electronics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-40, December.
    5. Jeffrey Walters & Jessica Kaminsky & Lawrence Gottschamer, 2018. "A Systems Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Solar PV Adoption in Santiago, Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    6. Mina Nezamisavojbolaghi & Erfan Davodian & Amal Bouich & Mouhaydine Tlemçani & Oumaima Mesbahi & Fernando M. Janeiro, 2023. "The Impact of Dust Deposition on PV Panels’ Efficiency and Mitigation Solutions: Review Article," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-19, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:2113-:d:1638296. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.