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The Development, Current Status and Challenges of Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage Technology in China

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  • Jun Huang

    (College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
    State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Xinbo Ge

    (College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China)

  • Hongling Ma

    (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Xilin Shi

    (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Yinping Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

Abstract

This paper provides a systematic visualization of the development, current status and challenges of salt cavern hydrogen storage technology based on the relevant literature from the past five years in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) and CiteSpace software (advanced version 6.3.R3), this study analyzes the field from a knowledge mapping perspective. The findings reveal that global research hotspots are primarily focused on multi-energy collaboration, integration of renewable energy systems and exploration of commercialization, highlighting the essential role of salt cavern hydrogen storage in driving the energy transition and promoting sustainable development. In China, research mainly concentrates on theoretical innovations and technological optimizations to address complex geological conditions. Despite the rapid growth in the number of Chinese publications, unresolved challenges remain, such as the complexity of layered salt rock, and thermodynamic coupling effects during high-frequency injection and extraction, as well as issues concerning permeability and microbial activity. Moving forward, China’s salt cavern hydrogen storage technology should focus on strengthening engineering practices suited to local geological conditions and enhancing the application of intelligent technologies, thereby facilitating the translation of theoretical research into practical applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Huang & Xinbo Ge & Hongling Ma & Xilin Shi & Yinping Li, 2025. "The Development, Current Status and Challenges of Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage Technology in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1044-:d:1596464
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qiu, Yue & Zhou, Suyang & Wang, Jihua & Chou, Jun & Fang, Yunhui & Pan, Guangsheng & Gu, Wei, 2020. "Feasibility analysis of utilising underground hydrogen storage facilities in integrated energy system: Case studies in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Chaomei Chen, 2006. "CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 57(3), pages 359-377, February.
    3. Wallace, Richard L. & Cai, Zuansi & Zhang, Hexin & Guo, Chaobin, 2024. "Numerical investigations into the comparison of hydrogen and gas mixtures storage within salt caverns," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    4. Du, Zhengyang & Dai, Zhenxue & Yang, Zhijie & Zhan, Chuanjun & Chen, Wei & Cao, Mingxu & Thanh, Hung Vo & Soltanian, Mohamad Reza, 2024. "Exploring hydrogen geologic storage in China for future energy: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
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