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Linear Quadratic Regulator-Based Coordinated Voltage and Power Control for Flexible Distribution Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Zhipeng Jing

    (Economic and Technological Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China)

  • Lipo Gao

    (Economic and Technological Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China)

  • Chengao Wu

    (State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China)

  • Dong Liang

    (State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China)

Abstract

Multi-port soft open points (SOPs) are effective devices for alleviating issues such as voltage violation and transformer overloading in distribution networks caused by the high penetration of distributed energy resources. This paper proposes a coordinated voltage and power control method for flexible distribution networks based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR). First, the principle of coordinated voltage and power control is analyzed based on SOPs’ control strategies and a linear power flow model. Then, a discrete-time state-space model is constructed for flexible distribution networks with multi-port SOPs, using the voltage magnitude deviations at the AC side of all PQ-controlled voltage source converters (VSCs) and the loading rate deviations of the transformers corresponding to all PQ-controlled VSCs as state variables. An LQR-based optimal control model is then established, aiming to simultaneously minimize deviations of voltage magnitudes and transformer loading rates from their reference values, which correspond to the V dc -controlled VSC. The optimal state feedback law is obtained by solving the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation. The proposed method has been evaluated on two typical flexible distribution networks, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method in improving voltage profiles and alleviating transformer overloading conditions using local measurements and very limited communication. In specific situations, the imbalance of voltages and transformer loading rates among the interconnected feeders can be reduced by 40%.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhipeng Jing & Lipo Gao & Chengao Wu & Dong Liang, 2025. "Linear Quadratic Regulator-Based Coordinated Voltage and Power Control for Flexible Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:2:p:361-:d:1568104
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Zhengfa & da Silva, Filipe Faria & Guo, Yifei & Bak, Claus Leth & Chen, Zhe, 2021. "Double-layer stochastic model predictive voltage control in active distribution networks with high penetration of renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    2. Gao, Yuanqi & Yu, Nanpeng, 2022. "Model-augmented safe reinforcement learning for Volt-VAR control in power distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    3. Si, Zhiyuan & Yang, Ming & Yu, Yixiao & Ding, Tingting, 2021. "Photovoltaic power forecast based on satellite images considering effects of solar position," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
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