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Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si

Author

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  • Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya

    (Future Urban and Energy Lab for Sustainability (FUEL-S), Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (FSDE), University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada)

  • Anis Rabiu

    (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo

    (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    Department of Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture Ibadan, Ibadan 5029, Nigeria)

  • Min-Hwi Kim

    (Renewable Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea)

  • Timothy Denen Akpenpuun

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria)

  • Wook-Ho Na

    (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Kuljeet Singh Grewal

    (Future Urban and Energy Lab for Sustainability (FUEL-S), Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (FSDE), University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada)

  • Hyun-Woo Lee

    (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The implementation of renewable energy systems (RESs) in the agricultural sector has significant potential to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel-based products on the global climate, reduce operational costs, and enhance crop production. However, the intermittent nature of RESs poses a major challenge to realizing these benefits. To address this, thermal energy storage (TES) and hybrid heat pump (HHP) systems are integrated with RESs to balance the mismatch between thermal energy production and demand. In pursuit of clean energy solutions in the agricultural sector, a 3942 m 2 greenhouse in Yeoju-si, South Korea, is equipped with 231 solar thermal (ST) collectors, 117 photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors, four HHPs, two ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), a 28,500 m 3 borehole TES (BTES) unit, a 1040 m 3 tank TES (TTES) unit, and three short-term TES units with capacities of 150 m 3 , 30 m 3 , and 30 m 3 . This study evaluates the long-term performance of the integrated hybrid renewable energy and thermal energy storage systems (HRETESSs) in meeting the greenhouse’s heating and cooling demands. Results indicate that the annual system performance efficiencies range from 25.3% to 68.5% for ST collectors and 31.9% to 72.2% for PVT collectors. The coefficient of performance (COP) during the heating season is 3.3 for GSHPs, 2.5 for HHPs using BTES as a source, and 3.6 for HHPs using TTES as a source. During the cooling season, the COP ranges from 5.3 to 5.7 for GSHPs and 1.84 to 2.83 for ASHPs. Notably, the HRETESS supplied 3.4% of its total heating energy directly from solar energy, 89.3% indirectly via heat pump utilization, and 7.3% is provided by auxiliary heating. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of HRETESSs to maximize greenhouse energy efficiency and supports the development of sustainable agricultural energy solutions, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and operational costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya & Anis Rabiu & Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo & Min-Hwi Kim & Timothy Denen Akpenpuun & Wook-Ho Na & Kuljeet Singh Grewal & Hyun-Woo Lee, 2025. "Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:10:p:2635-:d:1659833
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya & Wook-Ho Na & Anis Rabiu & Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo & Timothy Denen Akpenpuun & Adnan Rasheed & Yong-Cheol Yoon & Hyun-Woo Lee, 2022. "TRNSYS Simulation and Experimental Validation of Internal Temperature and Heating Demand in a Glass Greenhouse," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-30, July.
    2. Mahon, Harry & O'Connor, Dominic & Friedrich, Daniel & Hughes, Ben, 2022. "A review of thermal energy storage technologies for seasonal loops," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    3. Premaratne Samaranayake & Weiguang Liang & Zhong-Hua Chen & David Tissue & Yi-Chen Lan, 2020. "Sustainable Protected Cropping: A Case Study of Seasonal Impacts on Greenhouse Energy Consumption during Capsicum Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-23, August.
    4. Sadeghi, Habibollah & Jalali, Ramin & Singh, Rao Martand, 2024. "A review of borehole thermal energy storage and its integration into district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    5. Zhang, Liang & Xu, Peng & Mao, Jiachen & Tang, Xu & Li, Zhengwei & Shi, Jianguo, 2015. "A low cost seasonal solar soil heat storage system for greenhouse heating: Design and pilot study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 213-222.
    6. Rabiu, Anis & Adesanya, Misbaudeen Aderemi & Na, Wook-Ho & Ogunlowo, Qazeem O. & Akpenpuun, Timothy D. & Kim, Hyeon Tae & Lee, Hyun-Woo, 2023. "Thermal performance and energy cost of Korean multispan greenhouse energy-saving screens," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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