IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i24p6240-d1541431.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Challenges for Implementing Vehicle-to-Grid Services in Parking Lots: A State of the Art

Author

Listed:
  • Antonio Comi

    (Department of Enterprise Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Elsiddig Elnour

    (Department of Enterprise Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a vital role in the transition to renewable energy and decarbonisation, and there is increasing global interest in expanding their use. However, the growing number of EVs poses challenges to the electricity grid due to increasing energy demand. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology can address these issues by allowing for EVs to charge and discharge energy, thus helping to balance the grid when needed. Aggregating vehicles in designated parking areas optimises energy transfer, making it crucial to identify suitable parking locations and forecast the energy available from parked vehicles. A spatial–temporal framework ensures that V2G services operate efficiently considering both the location and the timing of vehicle parking. This paper reviews studies on temporal–spatial V2G parking demand, identifying high-demand areas such as shopping centres and workplaces, where vehicles park for extended periods. Strategic locations of V2G hubs in these areas ensures seamless integration into existing mobility patterns without disrupting users’ routines. In addition, this review examines user acceptance, technical feasibility, and V2G’s role in reducing grid demand peaks. The findings indicate the potential of effectively implemented V2G services to enhance electricity grid stability and efficiency while minimising disruptions to EV users.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Comi & Elsiddig Elnour, 2024. "Challenges for Implementing Vehicle-to-Grid Services in Parking Lots: A State of the Art," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:24:p:6240-:d:1541431
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/24/6240/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/24/6240/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Willett Kempton & Nathaniel S. Pearre & Randall Guensler & Vetri V. Elango, 2023. "Influence of Battery Energy, Charging Power, and Charging Locations upon EVs’ Ability to Meet Trip Needs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Mehdizadeh, Milad & Nordfjaern, Trond & Klöckner, Christian A., 2023. "Estimating financial compensation and minimum guaranteed charge for vehicle-to-grid technology," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    3. Kuo, Pei-Fen & Hsu, Wei-Ting & Putra, I Gede Brawiswa & Sulistyah, Umroh Dian, 2024. "The proposed model for analyzing off-street parking Dynamics: A case study of Taipei City," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Neaimeh, Myriam & Crozier, Constance & Deakin, Matthew, 2025. "Learning by charging: Understanding consumers’ changing attitudes towards vehicle-to-grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    2. Lee, Wonjong & Woo, JongRoul & Kim, Yong-gun & Koo, Yoonmo, 2024. "Vehicle-to-grid as a competitive alternative to energy storage in a renewable-dominant power system: An integrated approach considering both electric vehicle drivers' willingness and effectiveness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    3. Signer, Tim & Baumgartner, Nora & Ruppert, Manuel & Sandmeier, Thorben & Fichtner, Wolf, 2024. "Modeling V2G spot market trading: The impact of charging tariffs on economic viability," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    4. Yifei Cai & Xiao Pan & Lei Zhang & Feifei Xu & Shuichao Zhang, 2025. "Towards Sustainable Parking: Analyzing the Characteristics of Periodic Off-Street Parking Lots and Their Application in Shared Parking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-23, January.
    5. Noh, Jinah & Kim, Jip & Kim, Young-Jin & Lee, Kwang Y. & Beak, Seung-Mook & Park, Jung-Wook, 2025. "Compensation strategies for renewable energy curtailment in South Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    6. Mehdizadeh, Milad & Nayum, Alim & Nordfjærn, Trond & Klöckner, Christian A., 2024. "Are Norwegian car users ready for a transition to vehicle-to-grid technology?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 126-136.
    7. Chengquan Zhang & Hiroshi Kitamura & Mika Goto, 2025. "A New Framework of Vehicle-to-Grid Economic Evaluation: From Semi-Systematic Review of 132 Prior Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-54, June.
    8. Chen, Ching-Fu & Lai, Ching-Ming, 2024. "Understanding the acceptance of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services: Evidence from Taiwan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 230-240.
    9. Sprei, Frances & Kempton, Willett, 2024. "Mental models guide electric vehicle charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:24:p:6240-:d:1541431. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.