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The Impact of the Configuration of a Hydrogen Refueling Station on Risk Level

Author

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  • Andrzej Rusin

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Wojciech Kosman

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Rusin

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

The paper discusses potential hazards at hydrogen refueling stations for transportation vehicles: cars and trucks. The main hazard analyzed here is an uncontrolled gas release due to a failure in one of the structures in the station: storage tanks of different pressure levels or a dispenser. This may lead to a hydrogen cloud occurring near the source of the release or at a given distance. The range of the cloud was analyzed in connection to the amount of the released gas and the wind velocity. The results of the calculations were compared for chosen structures in the station. Then potential fires and explosions were investigated. The hazard zones were calculated with respect to heat fluxes generated in the fires and the overpressure generated in explosions. The maximum ranges of these zones vary from about 14 to 30 m and from about 9 to 14 m for a fires and an explosions of hydrogen, respectively. Finally, human death probabilities are presented as functions of the distance from the sources of the uncontrolled hydrogen releases. These are shown for different amounts and pressures of the released gas. In addition, the risk of human death is determined along with the area, where it reaches the highest value in the whole station. The risk of human death in this area is 1.63 × 10 −5 [1/year]. The area is approximately 8 square meters.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Rusin & Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak & Wojciech Kosman & Krzysztof Rusin, 2024. "The Impact of the Configuration of a Hydrogen Refueling Station on Risk Level," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5504-:d:1513393
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Witkowski, Andrzej & Rusin, Andrzej & Majkut, Mirosław & Stolecka, Katarzyna, 2017. "Comprehensive analysis of hydrogen compression and pipeline transportation from thermodynamics and safety aspects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2508-2518.
    2. Xuchao Zhang & Gang Qiu & Shali Wang & Jiaxi Wu & Yunan Peng, 2022. "Hydrogen Leakage Simulation and Risk Analysis of Hydrogen Fueling Station in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
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    4. Shen, Yahao & Lv, Hong & Hu, Yaqi & Li, Jianwei & Lan, Hao & Zhang, Cunman, 2023. "Preliminary hazard identification for qualitative risk assessment on onboard hydrogen storage and supply systems of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 834-854.
    5. Kourougianni, Fanourios & Arsalis, Alexandros & Olympios, Andreas V. & Yiasoumas, Georgios & Konstantinou, Charalampos & Papanastasiou, Panos & Georghiou, George E., 2024. "A comprehensive review of green hydrogen energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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