IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i21p5491-d1512905.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Low-Carbon Optimization Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Bilateral Demand Response and Two-Level Stackelberg Game

Author

Listed:
  • Hua Pan

    (CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China)

  • Qunli Wu

    (Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)

  • Huiling Guo

    (Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)

  • Jiayi Bai

    (Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)

Abstract

In the context of low-carbon energy transformation, fully utilizing the integrated demand response (IDR) resources on the load side can improve the operational flexibility and economy of the integrated energy system (IES). However, establishing a reasonable trading mechanism to enhance users’ participation in IDR has become a key issue that IES urgently needs to solve. To this end, this paper first establishes an IES model that includes electricity, heat, and gas. To reduce carbon emissions, a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is introduced while adding low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture devices and power-to-gas conversion. Secondly, a bilateral IDR mechanism centered on the load aggregator (LA) is proposed, and a multi-agent operation model including IES, LA, and users is established. The IDR subsidy price is dynamically determined through a two-level Stackelberg game model involving IES, LA, and users. Then, through KKT conditions and the Big M method, the two-level game model is turned into an IES-LA game model, which is solved using a combination of the White Shark Optimization method and the Gurobi solver. The final simulation results show that the scheduling model can fully reflect the time value of IDR resources, and the IES cost is decreased by USD 152.22, while LA and user benefits are increased by USD 54.61 and USD 31.85. Meanwhile, the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and low-carbon technology have effectively achieved low-carbon operation of the system.

Suggested Citation

  • Hua Pan & Qunli Wu & Huiling Guo & Jiayi Bai, 2024. "Low-Carbon Optimization Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Bilateral Demand Response and Two-Level Stackelberg Game," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-26, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5491-:d:1512905
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5491/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5491/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yan, Haoran & Hou, Hongjuan & Deng, Min & Si, Lengge & Wang, Xi & Hu, Eric & Zhou, Rhonin, 2024. "Stackelberg game theory based model to guide users’ energy use behavior, with the consideration of flexible resources and consumer psychology, for an integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Yu, Mengmeng & Hong, Seung Ho, 2017. "Incentive-based demand response considering hierarchical electricity market: A Stackelberg game approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 267-279.
    3. Zhang, Jinliang & Liu, Ziyi, 2024. "Low carbon economic scheduling model for a park integrated energy system considering integrated demand response, ladder-type carbon trading and fine utilization of hydrogen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    4. Li, Jiamei & Ai, Qian & Yin, Shuangrui & Hao, Ran, 2022. "An aggregator-oriented hierarchical market mechanism for multi-type ancillary service provision based on the two-loop Stackelberg game," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    5. Nawaz, Arshad & Zhou, Min & Wu, Jing & Long, Chengnian, 2022. "A comprehensive review on energy management, demand response, and coordination schemes utilization in multi-microgrids network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    6. Chen, Handing & Guo, Shunzhi & Song, Xudong & He, Tianbiao, 2024. "Design and evaluation of a municipal solid waste incineration power plant integrating with absorption heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    7. Chen, Maozhi & Lu, Hao & Chang, Xiqiang & Liao, Haiyan, 2023. "An optimization on an integrated energy system of combined heat and power, carbon capture system and power to gas by considering flexible load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    8. Dong, Yingchao & Zhang, Hongli & Ma, Ping & Wang, Cong & Zhou, Xiaojun, 2023. "A hybrid robust-interval optimization approach for integrated energy systems planning under uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    9. Zhou, Kaile & Fei, Zhineng & Hu, Rong, 2023. "Hybrid robust decentralized optimization of emission-aware multi-energy microgrids considering multiple uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tang, Bao-Jun & Cao, Xi-Lin & Li, Ru & Xiang, Zhi-Bo & Zhang, Sen, 2024. "Economic and low-carbon planning for interconnected integrated energy systems considering emerging technologies and future development trends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    2. Ma, Lan & Xie, Lirong & Ye, Jiahao & Bian, Yifan, 2024. "Two-stage dispatching strategy for park-level integrated energy systems based on a master-slave-cooperative hybrid game model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    3. Hu, Likun & Cao, Yi & Yin, Linfei, 2024. "Long-term price guidance mechanism for integrated energy systems based on gated recurrent unit - vision transformer prediction and fractional-order stochastic dynamic calculus control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    4. Wang, Dongxue & Fan, Ruguo & Yang, Peiwen & Du, Kang & Xu, Xiaoxia & Chen, Rongkai, 2024. "Research on floating real-time pricing strategy for microgrid operator in local energy market considering shared energy storage leasing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    5. Jimmy Gallegos & Paul Arévalo & Christian Montaleza & Francisco Jurado, 2024. "Sustainable Electrification—Advances and Challenges in Electrical-Distribution Networks: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-33, January.
    6. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Guinjoan, Francesc, 2024. "Simple fuzzy logic-based energy management for power exchange in isolated multi-microgrid systems: A case study in a remote community in the Amazon region of Ecuador," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    7. Eissa, M.M., 2018. "First time real time incentive demand response program in smart grid with “i-Energy” management system with different resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 607-621.
    8. Liu, Jiejie & Li, Yao & Ma, Yanan & Qin, Ruomu & Meng, Xianyang & Wu, Jiangtao, 2023. "Two-layer multiple scenario optimization framework for integrated energy system based on optimal energy contribution ratio strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    9. Anjie Lu & Jianguo Zhou & Minglei Qin & Danchen Liu, 2024. "Considering Carbon–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy Systems: A Pathway to Sustainable Energy Transition in China Under Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-32, October.
    10. Zheng, Ling & Zhou, Bin & Cao, Yijia & Wing Or, Siu & Li, Yong & Wing Chan, Ka, 2022. "Hierarchical distributed multi-energy demand response for coordinated operation of building clusters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    11. Weishi Zhang & Chuan He & Haichao Wang & Hanhan Qian & Zhemin Lin & Hui Qi, 2024. "Optimal Operation of Virtual Power Plants Based on Stackelberg Game Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    12. Bhatti, Bilal Ahmad & Broadwater, Robert, 2019. "Energy trading in the distribution system using a non-model based game theoretic approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Wang, Lu & Gu, Wei & Wu, Zhi & Qiu, Haifeng & Pan, Guangsheng, 2020. "Non-cooperative game-based multilateral contract transactions in power-heating integrated systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    14. Li, Bo & Li, Xu & Su, Qingyu, 2022. "A system and game strategy for the isolated island electric-gas deeply coupled energy network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    15. M. Y. Jumba & Y. S. Haruna & U. O. Aliyu & A. L. Amao, 2024. "Application of Games Theory in Modelling of Nigerian Electricity Market," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(5), pages 1129-1140, May.
    16. Wen, Lulu & Zhou, Kaile & Li, Jun & Wang, Shanyong, 2020. "Modified deep learning and reinforcement learning for an incentive-based demand response model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    17. Lin, Jin & Dong, Jun & Liu, Dongran & Zhang, Yaoyu & Ma, Tongtao, 2022. "From peak shedding to low-carbon transitions: Customer psychological factors in demand response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    18. Qin, Qiwei & Gosselin, Louis, 2024. "Community-based transactive energy market concept for 5th generation district heating and cooling through distributed optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    19. Ilea, Flavia-Maria & Cormos, Ana-Maria & Cristea, Vasile-Mircea & Cormos, Calin-Cristian, 2023. "Enhancing the post-combustion carbon dioxide carbon capture plant performance by setpoints optimization of the decentralized multi-loop and cascade control system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    20. Xueqin Tian & Heng Yang & Yangyang Ge & Tiejiang Yuan, 2024. "Site Selection and Capacity Determination of Electric Hydrogen Charging Integrated Station Based on Voronoi Diagram and Particle Swarm Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-26, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5491-:d:1512905. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.