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Vehicle Acceleration and Speed as Factors Determining Energy Consumption in Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Edward Kozłowski

    (Faculty of Management, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Piotr Wiśniowski

    (Environment Protection Centre, Motor Transport Institute, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Maciej Gis

    (Environment Protection Centre, Motor Transport Institute, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska

    (Environment Protection Centre, Motor Transport Institute, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Anna Borucka

    (Faculty of Security, Logistics and Management, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Energy consumption in electric vehicles is a key element of their operation, determining energy efficiency and one of its main indicators, i.e., range. Therefore, in this article, mathematical models were developed to evaluate the impact of selected factors on energy consumption in electric vehicles. The phenomenon of energy recuperation was also examined. The study used data from mileage measurements of the electric vehicle (EV) driving on a motorway and in built-up areas. The results obtained showed a strong correlation between acceleration, vehicle speed, battery power, and energy consumption. In urban conditions, engine RPM and vehicle speed had an additional impact on energy consumption. Findings from this study can be used to optimize vehicle acceleration control modules to increase their range, develop eco-driving styles for EV drivers, and better understand the energy efficiency factors of EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward Kozłowski & Piotr Wiśniowski & Maciej Gis & Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska & Anna Borucka, 2024. "Vehicle Acceleration and Speed as Factors Determining Energy Consumption in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4051-:d:1456779
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Jin & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Zhang, Zhaosheng, 2020. "Energy consumption analysis and prediction of electric vehicles based on real-world driving data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    2. Liao, Peng & Tang, Tie-Qiao & Liu, Ronghui & Huang, Hai-Jun, 2021. "An eco-driving strategy for electric vehicle based on the powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrzej Niewczas & Joanna Rymarz & Marcin Ślęzak & Dariusz Kasperek & Piotr Hołyszko, 2025. "Reliability Study of Electric Buses in the Urban Public Transport System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Ahmet Alperen Polat & Sinem Bozkurt Keser & İnci Sarıçiçek & Ahmet Yazıcı, 2025. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Range Estimation: A Case Study of the Eskisehir Osmangazi University Campus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Saša Milojević & Ondrej Stopka & Olga Orynycz & Karol Tucki & Branislav Šarkan & Slobodan Savić, 2025. "Exploitation and Maintenance of Biomethane-Powered Truck and Bus Fleets to Assure Safety and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-25, April.
    4. Olga Orynycz & Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska & Ewa Kulesza, 2025. "CO 2 Emission and Energy Consumption Estimates in the COPERT Model—Conclusions from Chassis Dynamometer Tests and SANN Artificial Neural Network Models and Their Meaning for Transport Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-20, July.

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