IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i12p3012-d1417508.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Visualisation Testing of the Vertex Angle of the Spray Formed by Injected Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends

Author

Listed:
  • Artur Krzemiński

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Adam Ustrzycki

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland)

Abstract

The internal combustion engine continues to be the main source of power in various modes of transport and industrial machines. This is due to its numerous advantages, such as easy adaptability, high efficiency, reliability and low fuel consumption. Despite these beneficial qualities of internal combustion engines, growing concerns are related to their negative environmental impacts. As a result, environmental protection has become a major factor determining advancements in the automotive industry in recent years, with the search for alternative fuels being one of the priorities in research and development activities. Among these, fuels of plant origin, mainly alcohols, are attracting a lot of attention due to their high oxygen content (around 35%). These fuels differ from diesel oil, for instance, in kinematic viscosity and density, which can affect the formation of the fuel spray and, consequently, the proper functioning of the compression–ignition engine, as well as the performance and purity of the exhaust gases emitted into the environment. The process of spray formation in direct injection compression–ignition engines is extremely complicated and requires detailed analysis of the fast-changing variables. This explains the need for using complicated research equipment enabling visualisation tests and making it possible to gain a more accurate understanding of the processes that take place. The present article aims to present the methodology for alternative fuel visualisation tests. To achieve this purpose, sprays formed by diesel–ethanol blends were recorded. A visualisation chamber and a high-speed camera were used for this purpose. The acquired video provided the material for the analysis of the changes in the vertex angle of the spray formed by the fuel blends. The test was carried out under reproducible conditions in line with the test methodology. The shape of the fuel spray is impacted by an increase in the proportional content of ethanol in the diesel and dodecanol blend. Based on the present findings, it is possible to note that the values of the vertex angle in the spray produced by the diesel–ethanol blend with the addition of dodecanol are most similar to those produced by diesel oil at an injection pressure of 100 MPa. The proposed methodology enables an analysis of the injection process based on the spray macrostructure parameters, and it can be applied in the testing of alternative fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Artur Krzemiński & Adam Ustrzycki, 2024. "Visualisation Testing of the Vertex Angle of the Spray Formed by Injected Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:12:p:3012-:d:1417508
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/12/3012/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/12/3012/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Artur Krzemiński & Adam Ustrzycki, 2023. "Effect of Ethanol Added to Diesel Fuel on the Range of Fuel Spray," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Channappagoudra, Manjunath & Ramesh, K. & Manavendra, G., 2019. "Comparative study of standard engine and modified engine with different piston bowl geometries operated with B20 fuel blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 216-232.
    3. Masera, Kemal & Hossain, Abul K. & Davies, Philip A. & Doudin, Khalid, 2021. "Investigation of 2-butoxyethanol as biodiesel additive on fuel property and combustion characteristics of two neat biodiesels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 285-297.
    4. Silvana Di Iorio & Francesco Catapano & Agnese Magno & Paolo Sementa & Bianca Maria Vaglieco, 2023. "The Potential of Ethanol/Methanol Blends as Renewable Fuels for DI SI Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Yilmaz, Nadir & Sanchez, Tomas M., 2012. "Analysis of operating a diesel engine on biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-methanol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 126-129.
    6. Li, De-gang & Zhen, Huang & Xingcai, Lŭ & Wu-gao, Zhang & Jian-guang, Yang, 2005. "Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 967-976.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    2. Yang, Ziming & Fei, Chunguang & Li, Yikai & Wang, Dongfang & Sun, Chenhan, 2023. "Experimental study of the effect of physical and chemical properties of alcohols on the spray combustion characteristics of alcohol-diesel blended fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    3. Wei, L. & Cheung, C.S. & Ning, Z., 2018. "Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 957-970.
    4. Zaharin, M.S.M. & Abdullah, N.R. & Najafi, G. & Sharudin, H. & Yusaf, T., 2017. "Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 475-493.
    5. Artur Krzemiński & Adam Ustrzycki, 2023. "Effect of Ethanol Added to Diesel Fuel on the Range of Fuel Spray," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2021. "Combustion chamber modifications to improve diesel engine performance and reduce emissions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2013. "Combustion performance and emission characteristics study of pine oil in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 344-351.
    8. Wong, Ka In & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Vong, Chi Man, 2013. "Modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using advanced machine learning methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 519-528.
    9. Teoh, Y.H. & How, H.G. & Masjuki, H.H. & Nguyen, H.-T. & Kalam, M.A. & Alabdulkarem, A., 2019. "Investigation on particulate emissions and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with Moringa oleifera biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 521-534.
    10. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
    11. Arun Teja Doppalapudi & Abul Kalam Azad & Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan, 2023. "Analysis of Improved In-Cylinder Combustion Characteristics with Chamber Modifications of the Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    12. Feng, Hongqing & Chen, Xiaofan & Sun, Liangliang & Ma, Ruixiu & Zhang, Xiuxia & Zhu, Lijun & Yang, Chaohe, 2023. "The effect of methanol/diesel fuel blends with co-solvent on diesel engine combustion based on experiment and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    13. Çay, Yusuf & Korkmaz, Ibrahim & Çiçek, Adem & Kara, Fuat, 2013. "Prediction of engine performance and exhaust emissions for gasoline and methanol using artificial neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 177-186.
    14. EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy, 2019. "Investigation of the effect of adding graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelet, and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives with n-butanol-Jatropha methyl ester on a diesel engine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 558-574.
    15. Xu, Leilei & Bai, Xue-Song & Li, Yaopeng & Treacy, Mark & Li, Changle & Tunestål, Per & Tunér, Martin & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Effect of piston bowl geometry and compression ratio on in-cylinder combustion and engine performance in a gasoline direct-injection compression ignition engine under different injection conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    16. Huang, Weidi & Wu, Zhijun & Gao, Ya & Zhang, Lin, 2015. "Effect of shock waves on the evolution of high-pressure fuel jets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 442-448.
    17. Behdad Shadidi & Hossein Haji Agha Alizade & Gholamhassan Najafi, 2021. "The Influence of Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends on Performance Parameters and Exhaust Emissions: Experimental Investigation and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    18. Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Abdul A., 2017. "Effect of emulsification and blending on the oxygenation and substitution of diesel fuel for compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1281-1294.
    19. Zhang, Zhi-Hui & Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar, 2016. "Investigation of particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohols/biodiesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 71-80.
    20. Wei, Liangjie & Cheung, C.S. & Huang, Zuohua, 2014. "Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 172-180.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:12:p:3012-:d:1417508. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.