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Bio Oil as Cutter Stock in Fuel Oil Blends for Industrial Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Paul Palmay

    (Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH, Panamericana Sur Km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Cesar Puente

    (Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH, Panamericana Sur Km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador)

  • Carla Haro

    (Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH, Panamericana Sur Km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador)

  • Joan Carles Bruno

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Alberto Coronas

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

Abstract

In many countries, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is still a common fuel in industrial applications due to its low price and high energy density. However, the complex and incomplete combustion of HFO results in high levels of emissions and low efficiency, which causes the search for additives to improve its properties without affecting its heating value. The present paper aims to use as an additive the liquid fraction from pyrolysis of the polystyrene for fuel oil, replacing conventional additives such as cutter stock, improving its fluidity without using heat to pump it. As for pyrolysis for obtaining pyrolytic oil, the effect of temperature on the chemical composition of the liquid fraction from the thermal pyrolysis of compact polystyrene was studied. PS pyrolysis was carried out in a temperature range between 350 to 450 °C at a heating rate of 15 °C min −1 in a batch type reactor, with a condensation system, in order to analyze the best fraction liquid yield. At 400 °C we obtained a liquid fraction of 81%. This product presented a kinematic viscosity of 1.026 mm 2 s −1 , a relative density of 0.935, a flash point of 24 °C, and a gross heating value of 48.5 MJ kg −1 . Chromatographic analysis indicates that 75% by mass of the components corresponds to C6 to C20 hydrocarbons, showing the high generation of isomers of the polystyrene monomer and aromatic compounds. The product obtained is mixed with base fuel oil at 60 °C at 250 rpm for a period of one hour, in percentages of 10 to 50% by mass. The 10% mixture has properties very close to those required by the standard fuel oil, presenting a viscosity of 108 mm 2 s −1 that adjusts to the requirements in burners for industrial applications; additionally, it has a Sulphur content lower than that of fuel oil without affecting its heating value.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Palmay & Cesar Puente & Carla Haro & Joan Carles Bruno & Alberto Coronas, 2023. "Bio Oil as Cutter Stock in Fuel Oil Blends for Industrial Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1485-:d:1055734
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Park, Ki-Bum & Jeong, Yong-Seong & Guzelciftci, Begum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2020. "Two-stage pyrolysis of polystyrene: Pyrolysis oil as a source of fuels or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    2. Ouda, O.K.M. & Raza, S.A. & Nizami, A.S. & Rehan, M. & Al-Waked, R. & Korres, N.E., 2016. "Waste to energy potential: A case study of Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 328-340.
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    1. Prakhar Talwar & Mariana Alzate Agudelo & Sonil Nanda, 2025. "Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-32, June.

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