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A Numerical Analysis of the Hybrid Nanofluid (Ag+TiO 2 +Water) Flow in the Presence of Heat and Radiation Fluxes

Author

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  • Asad Ullah

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

  • Nahid Fatima

    (Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia)

  • Samia Elattar

    (Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ikramullah

    (Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

  • Waris Khan

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

Abstract

The hydrothermal characteristics of (Ag+TiO 2 +H 2 O) hybrid nanofluid three dimensional flow between two vertical plates, in which the right permeable plate stretches as well as rotates, are investigated by employing varying magnetic, heat and radiation fluxes. The motion is governed by coupled PDEs (nonlinear) obeying suitable boundary conditions. The PDEs coupled system is transformed to a coupled set of nonlinear ODEs employing appropriate similarity transformation relations. The resultant equations are numerically solved through the bv4c solver. The impact of the changing strength of associated parameters on the flow is investigated graphically and through tables. It has been found that the velocity gradient and velocity initially increase and then decrease with increasing Grashof number values in both the suction and injection cases. The enhancing magnetic field first augments and then lowers the velocity gradient in the presence of radiation source of maximum strength. The increasing strength of injection parameter drops the velocity. The temperature distribution in the fluid increases with the increasing Eckert number, radiation flux and heat strength and nanomaterial concentration, and depreciates with the enhancing injection parameter values and Prandtl number. The C f x increases with a higher magnetic field magnitude and nanomaterial concentration, and declines with an increasing Grashof number. The results obtained are compared with the available literature in the form of tables.

Suggested Citation

  • Asad Ullah & Nahid Fatima & Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi & Samia Elattar & Ikramullah & Waris Khan, 2023. "A Numerical Analysis of the Hybrid Nanofluid (Ag+TiO 2 +Water) Flow in the Presence of Heat and Radiation Fluxes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1220-:d:1044490
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ebrahimi, Amin & Rikhtegar, Farhad & Sabaghan, Amin & Roohi, Ehsan, 2016. "Heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators using nanofluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 190-201.
    2. Khanafer, Khalil & Vafai, Kambiz, 2018. "A review on the applications of nanofluids in solar energy field," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 398-406.
    3. Doaa Rizk & Asad Ullah & Ikramullah & Samia Elattar & Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi & Mohammad Sohail & Rajwali Khan & Alamzeb Khan & Nabil Mlaiki, 2022. "Impact of the KKL Correlation Model on the Activation of Thermal Energy for the Hybrid Nanofluid (GO+ZnO+Water) Flow through Permeable Vertically Rotating Surface," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
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