IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i3p1089-d1040530.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study on the Evolution Pattern of the Aromatics of Lignin during Hydrothermal Carbonization

Author

Listed:
  • Wendi Sun

    (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Li Bai

    (Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Mingshu Chi

    (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Xiuling Xu

    (Library of Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Zhao Chen

    (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

  • Kecheng Yu

    (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China)

Abstract

Waste straw contains a large amount of lignin, and its resource utilization is not only in line with the national double carbon development strategy, but also to alleviate environmental pollution. Hydrothermal carbonization is a new thermochemical conversion technology, which has attracted much attention because it can directly transform carbon containing waste raw materials with high moisture content and low energy density. To investigate the physicochemical properties and aromatization changes of lignin hydrochar, hydrothermal carbonization experiments were carried out at 290 °C and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:20 for 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00, 8.00 h, respectively. The experimental results shows that hydrothermal carbonization can increase the combustion quality of lignin. Physical and chemical properties analysis shows that with the increase of hydrothermal carbonization time from 0 to 2 h, the hydrochar content increased from 21.21% to 26.02% and the HHV of hydrochar increased from 20.01 MJ/Kg to 26.32 MJ/Kg. When the holding time exceeded 2 h, the carbon content and calorific value of hydrothermal tended to be stable. With the increase of holding time, FTIR analysis and XRD analysis show that the free hydroxyl groups in water-soluble lignin were easily combined with intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus forming an ordered crystal arrangement. Subsequently, the crystal structure formed a well-arranged long chain through a strong hydrogen bond network, forming a ring structure in the process of aromatization. Aromatic ring structure accumulated, aromatization wave peak increased with holding time and aromatization intensified. Hydrochar crystal particles became larger and arranged in order. At the same time, the surface functional group detection and degree of crystallization were almost unchanged when holding time exceeded 2 h. The surface morphology of hydrochar was observed by SEM as follows: when the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of lignin entered the insulation stage, the microsphere structure began to aggregate and then became larger. When the holding time reached 2 h, the growth rate of carbon microspheres noticeably slowed. Therefore, the optimal hydrothermal carbonization time of lignin is 2 h, and hydrochar fuel has the best performance and aromatization.

Suggested Citation

  • Wendi Sun & Li Bai & Mingshu Chi & Xiuling Xu & Zhao Chen & Kecheng Yu, 2023. "Study on the Evolution Pattern of the Aromatics of Lignin during Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1089-:d:1040530
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1089/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1089/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mau, Vivian & Gross, Amit, 2018. "Energy conversion and gas emissions from production and combustion of poultry-litter-derived hydrochar and biochar," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 510-519.
    2. Sonibare, Oluwadayo O. & Haeger, Tobias & Foley, Stephen F., 2010. "Structural characterization of Nigerian coals by X-ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5347-5353.
    3. He, Chao & Giannis, Apostolos & Wang, Jing-Yuan, 2013. "Conversion of sewage sludge to clean solid fuel using hydrothermal carbonization: Hydrochar fuel characteristics and combustion behavior," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 257-266.
    4. Rhea Gallant & Aitazaz A. Farooque & Sophia He & Kang Kang & Yulin Hu, 2022. "A Mini-Review: Biowaste-Derived Fuel Pellet by Hydrothermal Carbonization Followed by Pelletizing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yang Ma & Yan Gao & Xiumin Jiang, 2023. "Influences of the Introduced O-Containing Functional Groups on the Gaseous Pyrolysis Product of Superfine Pulverized Coal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yu, Yang & Lei, Zhongfang & Yang, Xi & Yang, Xiaojing & Huang, Weiwei & Shimizu, Kazuya & Zhang, Zhenya, 2018. "Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobic granular sludge: Effect of process temperature on nutrients availability and energy gain from produced hydrochar," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 88-95.
    2. Xiao, Zhihua & Yuan, Xingzhong & Jiang, Longbo & Chen, Xiaohong & Li, Hui & Zeng, Guangming & Leng, Lijian & Wang, Hou & Huang, Huajun, 2015. "Energy recovery and secondary pollutant emission from the combustion of co-pelletized fuel from municipal sewage sludge and wood sawdust," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 441-450.
    3. Dilvin Cebi & Melih Soner Celiktas & Hasan Sarptas, 2022. "A Review on Sewage Sludge Valorization via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Applications for Circular Economy," Circular Economy and Sustainability,, Springer.
    4. Tiago Teribele & Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Lia Martins Pereira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Mar, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Structural Evolution of Hydro-Char and Degradation Kinetics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, April.
    5. Gao, Pin & Zhou, Yiyuan & Meng, Fang & Zhang, Yihui & Liu, Zhenhong & Zhang, Wenqi & Xue, Gang, 2016. "Preparation and characterization of hydrochar from waste eucalyptus bark by hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 238-245.
    6. Zhang, Zhikun & Zhu, Zongyuan & Shen, Boxiong & Liu, Lina, 2019. "Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 581-598.
    7. Okey Francis Obi & Temitope Olumide Olugbade & Joseph Ifeolu Orisaleye & Ralf Pecenka, 2023. "Solid Biofuel Production from Biomass: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities for Its Commercial Production in Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Chen, Lichun & Wen, Chang & Wang, Wenyu & Liu, Tianyu & Liu, Enze & Liu, Haowen & Li, Zexin, 2020. "Combustion behaviour of biochars thermally pretreated via torrefaction, slow pyrolysis, or hydrothermal carbonisation and co-fired with pulverised coal," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 867-877.
    9. Kathleen Meisel & Andreas Clemens & Christoph Fühner & Marc Breulmann & Stefan Majer & Daniela Thrän, 2019. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of HTC Concepts Valorizing Sewage Sludge for Energetic and Agricultural Use," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, February.
    10. Ibrahim Shaba Mohammed & Risu Na & Keisuke Kushima & Naoto Shimizu, 2020. "Investigating the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    11. Wang, Zhentong & Gong, Zhiqiang & Wang, Wei & Zhang, Zhe, 2020. "Study on combustion characteristics and the migration of heavy metals during the co-combustion of oil sludge char and microalgae residue," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 648-658.
    12. Lee, Jongkeun & Lee, Kwanyong & Sohn, Donghwan & Kim, Young Mo & Park, Ki Young, 2018. "Hydrothermal carbonization of lipid extracted algae for hydrochar production and feasibility of using hydrochar as a solid fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 913-920.
    13. Siti Zaharah Roslan & Siti Fairuz Zainudin & Alijah Mohd Aris & Khor Bee Chin & Mohibah Musa & Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud & Syed Shatir A. Syed Hassan, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge into Solid Biofuel: Influences of Process Conditions on the Energetic Properties of Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Theppitak, Sarut & Hungwe, Douglas & Ding, Lu & Xin, Dai & Yu, Guangsuo & Yoshikawa, Kunio, 2020. "Comparison on solid biofuel production from wet and dry carbonization processes of food wastes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    15. Mau, Vivian & Gross, Amit, 2018. "Energy conversion and gas emissions from production and combustion of poultry-litter-derived hydrochar and biochar," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 510-519.
    16. Zhai, Yunbo & Peng, Chuan & Xu, Bibo & Wang, Tengfei & Li, Caiting & Zeng, Guangming & Zhu, Yun, 2017. "Hydrothermal carbonisation of sewage sludge for char production with different waste biomass: Effects of reaction temperature and energy recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 167-174.
    17. Dinko Đurđević & Saša Žiković & Tomislav Čop, 2022. "Socio-Economic, Technical and Environmental Indicators for Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management and LEAP Analysis of Emissions Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-15, August.
    18. Abunowara, Mustafa & Sufian, Suriati & Bustam, Mohamad Azmi & Eldemerdash, Usama & Suleman, Humbul & Bencini, Roberto & Assiri, Mohammed Ali & Ullah, Sami & Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G., 2020. "Experimental measurements of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen high-pressure adsorption properties onto Malaysian coals under various conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    19. Xu, Zhi-Xiang & Song, Hao & Zhang, Shu & Tong, Si-Qi & He, Zhi-Xia & Wang, Qian & Li, Bin & Hu, Xun, 2019. "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of digested sewage sludge and cow dung biogas residue: Investigation of the reaction characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    20. Gai, Chao & Chen, Mengjun & Liu, Tingting & Peng, Nana & Liu, Zhengang, 2016. "Gasification characteristics of hydrochar and pyrochar derived from sewage sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 957-965.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1089-:d:1040530. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.