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Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in an Active Distribution Grid with Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System Integration

Author

Listed:
  • Saksit Deeum

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

  • Tossaporn Charoenchan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

  • Natin Janjamraj

    (Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

  • Sillawat Romphochai

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

  • Sergej Baum

    (Stadler PLC, Department of Electrical Engineering, 9430 St. Margrethen, Switzerland)

  • Hideagi Ohgaki

    (Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan)

  • Nadarajah Mithulananthan

    (School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Krischonme Bhumkittipich

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

Abstract

This article presents the optimal placement of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in an active integrated distribution grid with photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems (BESS), respectively. The increase in the population has enabled people to switch to EVs because the market price for gas-powered cars is shrinking. The fast spread of EVs depends solely on the rapid and coordinated growth of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). Since EVCSs can cause power losses and voltage variations outside the permissible limits, their integration into the current distribution grid can be characterized by the growing penetration of randomly dispersed photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BESS) systems, which is complicated. This study used genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and load flow (accommodation of anticipated rise in the number of electric cars on the road) analysis with a forward and backward sweep methodology (FBSM) to locate, scale and optimize EVCSs from a distribution grid where distributed PV/BESSs are prevalent. Power optimization was demonstrated to be the objective issue, which included minimizing active and reactive power losses. To verify the proposed optimal objective solutions from the active distribution grid, an IEEE 33 bus distribution grid was considered for EVCSs’ optimization under the penetration of photovoltaic and BESS systems. MATLAB simulations for the integrated EVCS-PV-BESS system on the distribution grid for five different zones were performed using detection from zone 1 (ranging from 301.9726 kW to 203.3872 kW), reducing the power losses (accounting for 33%) in the system to a minimum level.

Suggested Citation

  • Saksit Deeum & Tossaporn Charoenchan & Natin Janjamraj & Sillawat Romphochai & Sergej Baum & Hideagi Ohgaki & Nadarajah Mithulananthan & Krischonme Bhumkittipich, 2023. "Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in an Active Distribution Grid with Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-26, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7628-:d:1282420
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tommaso Schettini & Mauro dell’Amico & Francesca Fumero & Ola Jabali & Federico Malucelli, 2023. "Locating and Sizing Electric Vehicle Chargers Considering Multiple Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Martin, H. & Buffat, R. & Bucher, D. & Hamper, J. & Raubal, M., 2022. "Using rooftop photovoltaic generation to cover individual electric vehicle demand—A detailed case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
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