Design of Multi-Objective Energy Management for Remote Communities Connected with an Optimal Hybrid Integrated Photovoltaic–Hydropower–Battery Energy Storage System (PV-HP-BESS) Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

The potential for electricity distribution in power systems has significantly increased over the years. This is mainly because of the discovery of alternative electricity generation sources, such as renewable energy, coupled with distributed generation (DG), making electricity more widely accessible. However, challenges remain in distributing electricity to remote area communities (RACs), especially because of difficult terrain and the complexity of installing power plants, leaving some areas without access to electricity. In this study, we used an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) technique to propose multi-objective energy management for remote area communities within a hybrid integrated Photovoltaic–(PV)–Hydropower plant (HPP)–Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The multi-objective functions enhance power quality and voltage stability to meet grid code requirements. The proposed method was applied to the IEEE 15-bus system, which is consistent with systems commonly used in remote area communities, under the following scenarios: Case I—random installation of PV-HPP-BESS and PI parameter control of BESS; Case II—optimal location of PV-HP-BESS and PI parameter control of BESS using IPSO; Case III—sudden short circuit of the transmission line in Case II. Effectiveness was verified through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves power quality and stability under disturbances, demonstrating superior performance.