Wave Power Prediction Based on Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing and Dual-Channel Seq2Seq Model

Wave energy has emerged as a focal point in marine renewable energy research. Accurate prediction of wave power plays a pivotal role in enhancing power supply reliability. This paper introduces an innovative wave power prediction method that combines seasonal–trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) with a dual-channel Seq2Seq model. The decomposition model addresses the issue of component redundancy in current input decomposition methods, thereby uncovering key components. The prediction model improves upon the limitations of current prediction models that directly concatenate multiple features, allowing for a more detailed consideration of both trend and periodic features. The proposed approach begins by decomposing the power sequence based on tidal periods and optimal correlation criteria, effectively extracting both trend and periodic features. Subsequently, a dual-channel Seq2Seq model is constructed. The first channel employs temporal pattern attention to capture the trend and stochastic fluctuation information, while the second channel utilizes multi-head self-attention to further enhance the extraction of periodic components. Model validation is performed using data from two ocean buoys, each with a five-year dataset. The proposed model achieves an average 2.45% reduction in RMSE compared to the state-of-the-art method. Both the decomposition and prediction components of the model contribute to this increase in accuracy.