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Liquid Water Characteristics in the Compressed Gradient Porosity Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Author

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  • Song Yan

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Mingyang Yang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Chuanyu Sun

    (School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Sichuan Xu

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

Abstract

The mitigation of water flooding in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) at relatively high current densities is indispensable for enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a 2D multicomponent LBM model is developed to investigate the effects of porosity distribution and compression on the liquid water dynamic behaviors and distribution. The results suggest that adopting the gradient GDL structure with increasing porosity along the thickness direction significantly reduces the breakthrough time and steady–state total water saturation inside the GDL. Moreover, the positive gradient structure reaches the highest breakthrough time and water saturation at 10% compression ratio (CR) when the GDL is compressed, and the corresponding values decrease with further increase of the CR. Considering the breakthrough time, total water saturation and water distribution at the entrance of the GDL at the same time, the gradient structure with continuously increasing porosity can perform better water management capacity at 30% CR. This paper is useful for understanding the two–phase process in a gradient GDL structure and provides guidance for future design and manufacturing.

Suggested Citation

  • Song Yan & Mingyang Yang & Chuanyu Sun & Sichuan Xu, 2023. "Liquid Water Characteristics in the Compressed Gradient Porosity Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:16:p:6010-:d:1218709
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Maximilian Schmitz & Fynn Matthiesen & Steffen Dirkes & Stefan Pischinger, 2024. "Predicting Liquid Water Condensation in PEM Fuel Cells by Coupling CFD with 1D Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Nicolas Muck & Christoph David, 2023. "Integrating Fiber Sensing for Spatially Resolved Temperature Measurement in Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-17, December.
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    6. Teng Teng & Xin Zhang & Qicheng Xue & Baodi Zhang, 2024. "Research of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Modeling on Concentration Polarization under Variable-Temperature Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, February.
    7. Zhanhui Yao & Wei Qi & Jia Wang & Zhensen Ding & Xiaolong Jiang & Yingchen Hong & Yuejuan Li, 2023. "Safety Risk and Strategy Analysis of On-Board Hydrogen System of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-11, November.
    8. Anand Sagar & Sachin Chugh & Erik Kjeang, 2023. "Model-Driven Membrane Electrode Assembly Design for High-Performing Open-Cathode Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-23, November.
    9. Pedro Andrade & Khaled Laadjal & Adérito Neto Alcaso & Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Fuel Cell Systems: Challenges and Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-45, January.
    10. Pandu Ranga Tirumalasetti & Fang-Bor Weng & Mangaliso Menzi Dlamini & Chia-Hung Chen, 2024. "Numerical Simulation of Double Layered Wire Mesh Integration on the Cathode for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-15, January.
    11. Dan Wang & Haitao Min & Honghui Zhao & Weiyi Sun & Bin Zeng & Qun Ma, 2024. "A Data-Driven Prediction Method for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-17, February.
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