IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2022i1p180-d1013504.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Applications and Modeling Techniques of Wind Turbine Power Curve for Wind Farms—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Francisco Bilendo

    (College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China)

  • Angela Meyer

    (Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2501 Biel, Switzerland)

  • Hamed Badihi

    (College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China)

  • Ningyun Lu

    (College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China)

  • Philippe Cambron

    (Department of Wind Energy Research and Development (R&D), Power Factors, Montreal, QC J4Z 1A7, Canada)

  • Bin Jiang

    (College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China)

Abstract

In the wind energy industry, the power curve represents the relationship between the “wind speed” at the hub height and the corresponding “active power” to be generated. It is the most versatile condition indicator and of vital importance in several key applications, such as wind turbine selection, capacity factor estimation, wind energy assessment and forecasting, and condition monitoring, among others. Ensuring an effective implementation of the aforementioned applications mostly requires a modeling technique that best approximates the normal properties of an optimal wind turbines operation in a particular wind farm. This challenge has drawn the attention of wind farm operators and researchers towards the “state of the art” in wind energy technology. This paper provides an exhaustive and updated review on power curve based applications, the most common anomaly and fault types including their root-causes, along with data preprocessing and correction schemes (i.e., filtering, clustering, isolation, and others), and modeling techniques (i.e., parametric and non-parametric) which cover a wide range of algorithms. More than 100 references, for the most part selected from recently published journal articles, were carefully compiled to properly assess the past, present, and future research directions in this active domain.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Bilendo & Angela Meyer & Hamed Badihi & Ningyun Lu & Philippe Cambron & Bin Jiang, 2022. "Applications and Modeling Techniques of Wind Turbine Power Curve for Wind Farms—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-38, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:180-:d:1013504
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/180/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/180/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Helbing, Georg & Ritter, Matthias, 2018. "Deep Learning for fault detection in wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 189-198.
    2. Virgolino, Gustavo C.M. & Mattos, César L.C. & Magalhães, José Augusto F. & Barreto, Guilherme A., 2020. "Gaussian processes with logistic mean function for modeling wind turbine power curves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 458-465.
    3. Albadi, M.H. & El-Saadany, E.F., 2010. "Optimum turbine-site matching," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3593-3602.
    4. Chen, Jincheng & Wang, Feng & Stelson, Kim A., 2018. "A mathematical approach to minimizing the cost of energy for large utility wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1413-1422.
    5. Jorge Maldonado-Correa & Sergio Martín-Martínez & Estefanía Artigao & Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, 2020. "Using SCADA Data for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    6. Yingying Zhao & Dongsheng Li & Ao Dong & Dahai Kang & Qin Lv & Li Shang, 2017. "Fault Prediction and Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Generators Using SCADA Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Pelletier, Francis & Masson, Christian & Tahan, Antoine, 2016. "Wind turbine power curve modelling using artificial neural network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 207-214.
    8. Xu, Keyi & Yan, Jie & Zhang, Hao & Zhang, Haoran & Han, Shuang & Liu, Yongqian, 2021. "Quantile based probabilistic wind turbine power curve model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    9. Chang, Tian-Pau & Liu, Feng-Jiao & Ko, Hong-Hsi & Cheng, Shih-Ping & Sun, Li-Chung & Kuo, Shye-Chorng, 2014. "Comparative analysis on power curve models of wind turbine generator in estimating capacity factor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 88-95.
    10. Trizoglou, Pavlos & Liu, Xiaolei & Lin, Zi, 2021. "Fault detection by an ensemble framework of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) in the operation of offshore wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 945-962.
    11. Kusiak, Andrew & Zheng, Haiyang & Song, Zhe, 2009. "Models for monitoring wind farm power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 583-590.
    12. Yun, Eunjeong & Hur, Jin, 2021. "Probabilistic estimation model of power curve to enhance power output forecasting of wind generating resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    13. Song, Dongran & Yang, Yinggang & Zheng, Songyue & Tang, Weiyi & Yang, Jian & Su, Mei & Yang, Xuebing & Joo, Young Hoon, 2019. "Capacity factor estimation of variable-speed wind turbines considering the coupled influence of the QN-curve and the air density," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1049-1060.
    14. Thapar, Vinay & Agnihotri, Gayatri & Sethi, Vinod Krishna, 2011. "Critical analysis of methods for mathematical modelling of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 3166-3177.
    15. Tongke Yuan & Zhifeng Sun & Shihao Ma, 2019. "Gearbox Fault Prediction of Wind Turbines Based on a Stacking Model and Change-Point Detection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-20, November.
    16. Meyer, Angela, 2021. "Multi-target normal behaviour models for wind farm condition monitoring," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    17. Li, Tenghui & Liu, Xiaolei & Lin, Zi & Morrison, Rory, 2022. "Ensemble offshore Wind Turbine Power Curve modelling – An integration of Isolation Forest, fast Radial Basis Function Neural Network, and metaheuristic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    18. Hu, Yang & Xi, Yunhua & Pan, Chenyang & Li, Gengda & Chen, Baowei, 2020. "Daily condition monitoring of grid-connected wind turbine via high-fidelity power curve and its comprehensive rating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2095-2111.
    19. Kusiak, Andrew & Zheng, Haiyang & Song, Zhe, 2009. "On-line monitoring of power curves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1487-1493.
    20. Xu, Qifa & Fan, Zhenhua & Jia, Weiyin & Jiang, Cuixia, 2020. "Fault detection of wind turbines via multivariate process monitoring based on vine copulas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 939-955.
    21. Kusiak, Andrew & Li, Wenyan, 2011. "The prediction and diagnosis of wind turbine faults," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 16-23.
    22. Yan, Jie & Zhang, Hao & Liu, Yongqian & Han, Shuang & Li, Li, 2019. "Uncertainty estimation for wind energy conversion by probabilistic wind turbine power curve modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1356-1370.
    23. Sebastian Pfaffel & Stefan Faulstich & Kurt Rohrig, 2017. "Performance and Reliability of Wind Turbines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, November.
    24. Pandit, Ravi Kumar & Infield, David, 2019. "Comparative analysis of Gaussian Process power curve models based on different stationary covariance functions for the purpose of improving model accuracy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 190-202.
    25. Morrison, Rory & Liu, Xiaolei & Lin, Zi, 2022. "Anomaly detection in wind turbine SCADA data for power curve cleaning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 473-486.
    26. Hu, Ssu-yuan & Cheng, Jung-ho, 2007. "Performance evaluation of pairing between sites and wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 1934-1947.
    27. Marvuglia, Antonino & Messineo, Antonio, 2012. "Monitoring of wind farms’ power curves using machine learning techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 574-583.
    28. Stetco, Adrian & Dinmohammadi, Fateme & Zhao, Xingyu & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Barnes, Mike & Keane, John & Nenadic, Goran, 2019. "Machine learning methods for wind turbine condition monitoring: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 620-635.
    29. Zou, Runmin & Yang, Jiaxin & Wang, Yun & Liu, Fang & Essaaidi, Mohamed & Srinivasan, Dipti, 2021. "Wind turbine power curve modeling using an asymmetric error characteristic-based loss function and a hybrid intelligent optimizer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    30. Aziz, Usama & Charbonnier, Sylvie & Bérenguer, Christophe & Lebranchu, Alexis & Prevost, Frederic, 2021. "Critical comparison of power-based wind turbine fault-detection methods using a realistic framework for SCADA data simulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    31. Ruiz de la Hermosa González-Carrato, Raúl, 2018. "Wind farm monitoring using Mahalanobis distance and fuzzy clustering," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 526-540.
    32. Saint-Drenan, Yves-Marie & Besseau, Romain & Jansen, Malte & Staffell, Iain & Troccoli, Alberto & Dubus, Laurent & Schmidt, Johannes & Gruber, Katharina & Simões, Sofia G. & Heier, Siegfried, 2020. "A parametric model for wind turbine power curves incorporating environmental conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 754-768.
    33. Ouyang, Tinghui & Kusiak, Andrew & He, Yusen, 2017. "Modeling wind-turbine power curve: A data partitioning and mining approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PA), pages 1-8.
    34. Carrillo, C. & Obando Montaño, A.F. & Cidrás, J. & Díaz-Dorado, E., 2013. "Review of power curve modelling for wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 572-581.
    35. Rogers, T.J. & Gardner, P. & Dervilis, N. & Worden, K. & Maguire, A.E. & Papatheou, E. & Cross, E.J., 2020. "Probabilistic modelling of wind turbine power curves with application of heteroscedastic Gaussian Process regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1124-1136.
    36. Cambron, P. & Lepvrier, R. & Masson, C. & Tahan, A. & Pelletier, F., 2016. "Power curve monitoring using weighted moving average control charts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 126-135.
    37. García Márquez, Fausto Pedro & Tobias, Andrew Mark & Pinar Pérez, Jesús María & Papaelias, Mayorkinos, 2012. "Condition monitoring of wind turbines: Techniques and methods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 169-178.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lorin Jenkel & Stefan Jonas & Angela Meyer, 2023. "Privacy-Preserving Fleet-Wide Learning of Wind Turbine Conditions with Federated Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-29, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Peng & Li, Yanting & Zhang, Guangyao, 2023. "Probabilistic power curve estimation based on meteorological factors and density LSTM," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Yan, Jie & Zhang, Hao & Liu, Yongqian & Han, Shuang & Li, Li, 2019. "Uncertainty estimation for wind energy conversion by probabilistic wind turbine power curve modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1356-1370.
    3. Xu, Keyi & Yan, Jie & Zhang, Hao & Zhang, Haoran & Han, Shuang & Liu, Yongqian, 2021. "Quantile based probabilistic wind turbine power curve model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    4. Han, Shuang & Qiao, Yanhui & Yan, Ping & Yan, Jie & Liu, Yongqian & Li, Li, 2020. "Wind turbine power curve modeling based on interval extreme probability density for the integration of renewable energies and electric vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 190-203.
    5. Mehrjoo, Mehrdad & Jafari Jozani, Mohammad & Pawlak, Miroslaw, 2021. "Toward hybrid approaches for wind turbine power curve modeling with balanced loss functions and local weighting schemes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    6. Gonzalez, Elena & Stephen, Bruce & Infield, David & Melero, Julio J., 2019. "Using high-frequency SCADA data for wind turbine performance monitoring: A sensitivity study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 841-853.
    7. Lydia, M. & Kumar, S. Suresh & Selvakumar, A. Immanuel & Prem Kumar, G. Edwin, 2014. "A comprehensive review on wind turbine power curve modeling techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 452-460.
    8. Rogers, T.J. & Gardner, P. & Dervilis, N. & Worden, K. & Maguire, A.E. & Papatheou, E. & Cross, E.J., 2020. "Probabilistic modelling of wind turbine power curves with application of heteroscedastic Gaussian Process regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1124-1136.
    9. Wang, Yun & Duan, Xiaocong & Zou, Runmin & Zhang, Fan & Li, Yifen & Hu, Qinghua, 2023. "A novel data-driven deep learning approach for wind turbine power curve modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    10. Aziz, Usama & Charbonnier, Sylvie & Bérenguer, Christophe & Lebranchu, Alexis & Prevost, Frederic, 2021. "Critical comparison of power-based wind turbine fault-detection methods using a realistic framework for SCADA data simulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Stetco, Adrian & Dinmohammadi, Fateme & Zhao, Xingyu & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Barnes, Mike & Keane, John & Nenadic, Goran, 2019. "Machine learning methods for wind turbine condition monitoring: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 620-635.
    12. Nasery, Praanjal & Aziz Ezzat, Ahmed, 2023. "Yaw-adjusted wind power curve modeling: A local regression approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1368-1376.
    13. Usama Aziz & Sylvie Charbonnier & Christophe Berenguer & Alexis Lebranchu & Frederic Prevost, 2022. "A Multi-Turbine Approach for Improving Performance of Wind Turbine Power-Based Fault Detection Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    14. Davide Astolfi & Francesco Castellani & Andrea Lombardi & Ludovico Terzi, 2021. "Multivariate SCADA Data Analysis Methods for Real-World Wind Turbine Power Curve Monitoring," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    15. Zou, Runmin & Yang, Jiaxin & Wang, Yun & Liu, Fang & Essaaidi, Mohamed & Srinivasan, Dipti, 2021. "Wind turbine power curve modeling using an asymmetric error characteristic-based loss function and a hybrid intelligent optimizer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    16. Ouyang, Tinghui & Kusiak, Andrew & He, Yusen, 2017. "Modeling wind-turbine power curve: A data partitioning and mining approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PA), pages 1-8.
    17. Cambron, P. & Lepvrier, R. & Masson, C. & Tahan, A. & Pelletier, F., 2016. "Power curve monitoring using weighted moving average control charts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 126-135.
    18. Kevin Leahy & Colm Gallagher & Peter O’Donovan & Dominic T. J. O’Sullivan, 2019. "Issues with Data Quality for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Reliability Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, January.
    19. Karamichailidou, Despina & Kaloutsa, Vasiliki & Alexandridis, Alex, 2021. "Wind turbine power curve modeling using radial basis function neural networks and tabu search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 2137-2152.
    20. Li, Yanting & Liu, Shujun & Shu, Lianjie, 2019. "Wind turbine fault diagnosis based on Gaussian process classifiers applied to operational data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 357-366.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:180-:d:1013504. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.