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Recent Advances in Two-Phase Immersion Cooling with Surface Modifications for Thermal Management

Author

Listed:
  • Daehoon Kang

    (Propulsion System Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 08826, Korea)

  • Jooyoung Lee

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Anirban Chakraborty

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Sang-Eui Lee

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 08826, Korea)

  • Gildong Kim

    (Propulsion System Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea)

  • Choongho Yu

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

Abstract

This paper reviews the major researchers of liquid, immersion, and two-phase cooling. Currently, liquids are used instead of air to cool the growing data centers. Immersion cooling shows a higher heat transfer coefficient than conventional cooling (<37 W/cm 2 ). Because the use of liquids with high global warming potentials is prohibited, the number of liquids that can be used is limited. This paper discusses the existing, relevant literature from researchers who have studied the issue at least thrice. The authors were divided into those who focused on the surface and those who formed a structure on the surface. In summary, the authors suggested the following research directions: The experimental conditions of porous foam are not diverse, and there is a concern about the separation of foam and coating into the tub. The experimental conditions of the immersion tub should also be varied according to the heat and pressure over time. Structure-level research shows higher performance than surface-level research, but an economic feasibility study is required.

Suggested Citation

  • Daehoon Kang & Jooyoung Lee & Anirban Chakraborty & Sang-Eui Lee & Gildong Kim & Choongho Yu, 2022. "Recent Advances in Two-Phase Immersion Cooling with Surface Modifications for Thermal Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:1214-:d:743782
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chakravarty, Aranyak & Datta, Priyankan & Ghosh, Koushik & Sen, Swarnendu & Mukhopadhyay, Achintya, 2016. "Numerical analysis of a heat-generating, truncated conical porous bed in a fluid-filled enclosure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 646-661.
    2. Anders S. G. Andrae & Tomas Edler, 2015. "On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-41, April.
    3. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2017. "A Review on efficient thermal management of air- and liquid-cooled data centers: From chip to the cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1165-1188.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bin Yang & Xin Zhu & Boan Wei & Minzhang Liu & Yifan Li & Zhihan Lv & Faming Wang, 2023. "Computer Vision and Machine Learning Methods for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Complex Structural Microchannels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, February.

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