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Direct Contact Condensers: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Direct-Contact Condensation

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Madejski

    (Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Tomasz Kuś

    (Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Piotr Michalak

    (Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Michał Karch

    (Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Navaneethan Subramanian

    (Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Direct contact heat exchangers can be smaller, cheaper, and have simpler construction than the surface, shell, or tube heat exchangers of the same capacity and can operate in evaporation or condensation modes. For these reasons, they have many practical applications, such as water desalination, heat exchangers in power plants, or chemical engineering devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical activities focused on the research about direct condensation processes and testing direct contact condensers on the laboratory scale. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and CFD solvers are the most popular tools in the numerical analysis of direct contact condensers because of the phenomenon’s complexity as multiphase turbulent flow with heat transfer and phase change. The presented and developed numerical models must be carefully calibrated and physically validated by experimental results. Results of the experimental campaign in the laboratory scale with the test rig and properly designed measuring apparatus can give detailed qualitative and quantitative results about direct contact condensation processes. In this case, the combination of these two approaches, numerical and experimental investigation, is the comprehensive method to deeply understand the direct contact condensation process.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Madejski & Tomasz Kuś & Piotr Michalak & Michał Karch & Navaneethan Subramanian, 2022. "Direct Contact Condensers: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Direct-Contact Condensation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-31, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9312-:d:997591
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Fei, Yu & Xiao, Qingtai & Xu, Jianxin & Pan, Jianxin & Wang, Shibo & Wang, Hua & Huang, Junwei, 2015. "A novel approach for measuring bubbles uniformity and mixing efficiency in a direct contact heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2313-2320.
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