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Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Rahul Kadam

    (Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea)

  • Kamonwan Khanthong

    (Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea)

  • Heewon Jang

    (Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea)

  • Jonghwa Lee

    (Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea)

  • Jungyu Park

    (Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Over the years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has evolved as a competent technology to retrieve energy potential from various organic substrates, including wastewater. However, the energy metabolisms of anaerobic microorganisms, biochemical reactions, and biogas production are affected by various parameters, including heavy metals. It is important to understand the interaction of heavy metals with anaerobes and their potential influence on the process to enhance energy potential. This review methodically outlines the occurrence and role of heavy metals in the AD process. Additionally, the repercussions of the most common heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Ni) on each stage of AD (i.e., hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis) have been discussed. We found that traces of heavy metals can endorse anaerobic digestion, but inhibition increases with increasing concentration. Methanogenic archaea are more susceptible to heavy metal inhibition than hydrolytic and acidogenic archaea. An improved understanding and relevant intuition will help to promote biogas production along with heavy metal management.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahul Kadam & Kamonwan Khanthong & Heewon Jang & Jonghwa Lee & Jungyu Park, 2022. "Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8618-:d:975611
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Khatri, Shailendra & Wu, Shubiao & Kizito, Simon & Zhang, Wanqin & Li, Jiaxi & Dong, Renjie, 2015. "Synergistic effect of alkaline pretreatment and Fe dosing on batch anaerobic digestion of maize straw," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 55-64.
    2. Anna Grzegórska & Piotr Rybarczyk & Andrzej Rogala & Dawid Zabrocki, 2020. "Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-43, June.
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