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Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Grzegórska

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Piotr Rybarczyk

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Andrzej Rogala

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Dawid Zabrocki

    (Research and Development Dawid Zabrocki, Jęczniki Wielkie 36A, 77-300 Człuchów, Poland)

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a technology based on the use of green plants to remove, relocate, deactivate, or destroy harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. Under the general term of phytoremediation , several processes with distinctively different mechanisms of action are hidden. In this paper, the most popular modes of phytoremediation are described and discussed. A broad but concise review of available literature research with respect to the dominant process mechanism is provided. Moreover, methods of plant biomass utilization after harvesting, with particular regard to possibilities of “bio-ore” processing for metal recovery, or using energy crops as a valuable source for bio-energy production (bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-oil) are analyzed. Additionally, obstacles hindering the commercialization of phytoremediation are presented and discussed together with an indication of future research trends.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Grzegórska & Piotr Rybarczyk & Andrzej Rogala & Dawid Zabrocki, 2020. "Phytoremediation—From Environment Cleaning to Energy Generation—Current Status and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-43, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2905-:d:368008
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhao, Zhen-yu & Yan, Hong, 2012. "Assessment of the biomass power generation industry in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 53-60.
    2. Pandey, Vimal Chandra & Bajpai, Omesh & Singh, Nandita, 2016. "Energy crops in sustainable phytoremediation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 58-73.
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    Cited by:

    1. Changsong Zhang & Xueke Zang & Zhenxue Dai & Xiaoying Zhang & Ziqi Ma, 2021. "Remediation Techniques for Cadmium-Contaminated Dredged River Sediments after Land Disposal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Rahul Kadam & Kamonwan Khanthong & Heewon Jang & Jonghwa Lee & Jungyu Park, 2022. "Occurrence, Fate, and Implications of Heavy Metals during Anaerobic Digestion: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-13, November.

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