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Hybrid Propulsion in SI Engines for New Generation Motorcycles: A Numerical-Experimental Approach to Assess Power Requirements and Emission Performance

Author

Listed:
  • Paolo Iodice

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Enrico Fornaro

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Massimo Cardone

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

Worldwide mopeds and motorcycles are taking on a growing main role in private mobility with a direct impact on air pollution, particularly in urban contexts of many Asian and European countries. In a preceding experimental investigation, HC and CO emissions were measured in the exhaust of a last-generation motorcycle belonging to the Euro-3 legislative category. Since exhaust emissions and fuel consumption are very sensitive to variations in vehicles instantaneous speed and acceleration, in this research new experimental results are used to recognize the kinematic parameters that cause higher engine-out emissions. In this paper, the hybrid electric propulsion is proposed for motorcycle application to reduce exhaust emissions in particular driving conditions which include high levels of acceleration with resultant rapid steep increase in engine speed. In such operating conditions, an enrichment of the air/fuel mixture is required, which affects the catalyst conversion efficiency. Subsequently, the power requirements and the grade of electrical assistance in such driving situations are calculated by a procedure based on both the measured exhaust emissions and the kinematic parameters of the driving dynamics collected during the experimental tests. Lastly, the share of CO and HC emissions that could be saved utilizing a hybrid motorcycle instead of a conventional thermal motorcycle is estimated through a specific environmental analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Iodice & Enrico Fornaro & Massimo Cardone, 2022. "Hybrid Propulsion in SI Engines for New Generation Motorcycles: A Numerical-Experimental Approach to Assess Power Requirements and Emission Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6312-:d:901180
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paolo Iodice & Giuseppe Langella & Amedeo Amoresano, 2020. "Exergetic Analysis of a New Direct Steam Generation Solar Plant Using Screw Expanders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Li, Jing & Li, Pengcheng & Gao, Guangtao & Pei, Gang & Su, Yuehong & Ji, Jie, 2017. "Thermodynamic and economic investigation of a screw expander-based direct steam generation solar cascade Rankine cycle system using water as thermal storage fluid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 137-151.
    3. Geng, Peng & Cao, Erming & Tan, Qinming & Wei, Lijiang, 2017. "Effects of alternative fuels on the combustion characteristics and emission products from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 523-534.
    4. Paolo Iodice & Massimo Cardone, 2021. "Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Awad, Omar I. & Mamat, R. & Ali, Obed M. & Sidik, N.A.C. & Yusaf, T. & Kadirgama, K. & Kettner, Maurice, 2018. "Alcohol and ether as alternative fuels in spark ignition engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2586-2605.
    6. Massimo Cardone & Bonaventura Gargiulo & Enrico Fornaro, 2021. "Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Light Aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Won-Jin Son & Byoung Kuk Lee, 2023. "Design of Planar Transformers for LLC Converters in High Power Density On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-16, September.

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