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Morphology and Particle Size of a Synthesized NMC 811 Cathode Precursor with Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate and Nickel Sulfate as Nickel Sources and Comparison of Their Electrochemical Performances in an NMC 811 Lithium-Ion Battery

Author

Listed:
  • Anisa Surya Wijareni

    (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Hendri Widiyandari

    (Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
    Centre of Excellence for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Slamet Riyadi No. 435, Laweyan, Surakarta 57146, Indonesia)

  • Agus Purwanto

    (Centre of Excellence for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Slamet Riyadi No. 435, Laweyan, Surakarta 57146, Indonesia
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia)

  • Aditya Farhan Arif

    (Mining Industry Indonesia (MIND ID), Gedung Energy Lt. 16 SCBD, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 52-53, Jakarta Selatan 12190, Indonesia)

  • Mohammad Zaki Mubarok

    (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

Abstract

Cathode precursors of lithium-NMC 811 were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using two different nickel sources, namely mixed nickel–cobalt hydroxide precipitate (MHP) and nickel sulfate. The characteristics of the synthesized precursors were compared with the characteristics of the commercial NMC 811 cathode precursor obtained from the international market. The XRD analyses identified that the diffraction peaks of the three precursor materials were in close agreement to that of Li 0.05 Ni 0.75 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , with the figure(s) of merit (FoM) of 0.81, 0.88, and 0.9, respectively, for the synthesized precursor that used MHP as the source of nickel (SM-LNMCO-811), nickel sulfate as the source of nickel (SX-LNMCO-811), and the commercial precursor (K-NMC-811). The elemental analysis of the synthesized precursors revealed the Ni:Mn:Co mol ratios of 0.8:0.08:0.12 and 0.76:0.11:0.13 for SM-LNMCO-811 and SX-LNMCO-811, respectively. The SEM analysis revealed that SX-LNMCO-811 and K-NMC-811 showed a similar particle morphology with a spherical shape; the SM-LNMCO-811 exhibited an irregular particle morphology. The particle size analysis showed that SM-LNMCO-811 had the largest average particle size (285.2 μm) while K-NMC-811 and SX-LNMCO-811 samples had almost the same average values (i.e., 18.28 and 17.16 µm, respectively). The results of the charge–discharge measurement of the fabricated battery cylindrical cells with SM-LNMCO-811, SX-LNMCO-811, and K-NMC-811 as cathode materials showed the best discharge value of the SX-LNMCO-811 sample at 178.93 mAh/g with an initial efficiency of 94.32%, which is in line with the electrochemical impedance measurement results that showed the largest ion conductivity and lithium ion diffusion coefficient value of the SX-LNMCO-811 sample that utilized the synthesized nickel sulfate as the source of the nickel.

Suggested Citation

  • Anisa Surya Wijareni & Hendri Widiyandari & Agus Purwanto & Aditya Farhan Arif & Mohammad Zaki Mubarok, 2022. "Morphology and Particle Size of a Synthesized NMC 811 Cathode Precursor with Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate and Nickel Sulfate as Nickel Sources and Comparison of Their Electrochemical Performances in an," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:16:p:5794-:d:884498
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng Lin & Dennis Nordlund & Yuyi Li & Matthew K. Quan & Lei Cheng & Tsu-Chien Weng & Yijin Liu & Huolin L. Xin & Marca M. Doeff, 2016. "Metal segregation in hierarchically structured cathode materials for high-energy lithium batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 1-8, January.
    2. Yu Miao & Patrick Hynan & Annette von Jouanne & Alexandre Yokochi, 2019. "Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, March.
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