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Performance Analysis of an Ammonia-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine

Author

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  • Vittorio Bonasio

    (Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy)

  • Silvia Ravelli

    (Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy)

Abstract

Micro gas turbines fit perfectly with the energy roadmap to 2050: on-site, small scale power generation, combined with heat recovery from exhaust gas, offers an opportunity to deploy primary energy saving and pollutant emission reduction. Moreover, their flexibility enables fuel switching from natural gas (NG) to carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. This study aims to explore the potential of direct combustion of ammonia in a micro gas turbine (MGT), from a thermodynamic point of view. A modeling procedure was developed to simulate the behavior of a 100 kW MGT operating at full and part-load. After validation with NG as fuel, an increasing fraction of ammonia was fed to the combustor to predict performance variations in terms of electric, thermal and total efficiency, as well as exhaust gas composition, for a load range between 40% and 100%. Additional relevant details, related to the interaction between compressor and turbine in the single-shaft arrangement, were discussed through performance maps. Full replacement of NG with ammonia was found to reduce electric efficiency by about 0.5 percentage points (pp), whatever the power output, with a consequent improvement in exhaust gas heat recovery. Thus, total efficiency is maintained at a high level, with values ranging from 74.5% to 79.1% over the investigated load range. The benefit of zero CO 2 emissions can be achieved provided that compressor–turbine matching is adjusted to compensate for the reduction in fuel calorific value: at rated power, when the largest fuel input is required, flow rates of air and flue gas decrease by 4.3% and 2.8%, respectively, with an increase in Brayton cycle pressure ratio of 2%.

Suggested Citation

  • Vittorio Bonasio & Silvia Ravelli, 2022. "Performance Analysis of an Ammonia-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:11:p:3874-:d:823236
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Keller, Martin & Koshi, Mitsuo & Otomo, Junichiro & Iwasaki, Hiroshi & Mitsumori, Teruo & Yamada, Koichi, 2020. "Thermodynamic evaluation of an ammonia-fueled combined-cycle gas turbine process operated under fuel-rich conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
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    4. Xiaowei Xu & Enlong Liu & Neng Zhu & Fanfu Liu & Feng Qian, 2022. "Review of the Current Status of Ammonia-Blended Hydrogen Fuel Engine Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Guteša Božo, M. & Vigueras-Zuniga, MO. & Buffi, M. & Seljak, T. & Valera-Medina, A., 2019. "Fuel rich ammonia-hydrogen injection for humidified gas turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
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    Cited by:

    1. Roberta De Robbio, 2023. "Micro Gas Turbine Role in Distributed Generation with Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-37, January.
    2. Namsu Kim & Minjung Lee & Juwon Park & Jeongje Park & Taesong Lee, 2022. "A Comparative Study of NO x Emission Characteristics in a Fuel Staging and Air Staging Combustor Fueled with Partially Cracked Ammonia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-15, December.

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