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An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities

Author

Listed:
  • Nicholas Preston

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Azadeh Maroufmashat

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Hassan Riaz

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Sami Barbouti

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Ushnik Mukherjee

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Peter Tang

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Javan Wang

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Ali Elkamel

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Michael Fowler

    (Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

The enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business cases for hydrogen on the industrial microgrid scale. This paper aims to investigate the financial and environmental returns associated with producing and storing electrolytic hydrogen for injection into the natural gas feed of a manufacturer’s combined heat and power plants (CHPs). A mathematical methodology was developed for investigating the optimal operation of the integrated system (power-to-gas along with the current system) by considering hydrogen-enriched natural gas. The result of this simulation is an operation plan that delivers optimal economics and an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions. The simulation was implemented across an entire year for each combination of generation price limit and storage coefficient. Because the provincial grid imposes a lesser carbon footprint than that of a pure natural gas turbine, any offset of natural gas by hydrogen reduces the carbon intensity of the system. From an environmental perspective, the amount of carbon abated by the model fell within a range of 3000 ton CO 2 /year. From a policy perspective, this suggests that a minimum feasible carbon price of $60/ton CO 2e must be set by applicable regulatory bodies. Lastly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis was performed for the proposed system to validate the safety of the design.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Preston & Azadeh Maroufmashat & Hassan Riaz & Sami Barbouti & Ushnik Mukherjee & Peter Tang & Javan Wang & Ali Elkamel & Michael Fowler, 2021. "An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2445-:d:543140
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sean Walker & Suadd Al-Zakwani & Azadeh Maroufmashat & Michael Fowler & Ali Elkamel, 2020. "Multi-Criteria Examination of Power-to-Gas Pathways under Stochastic Preferences," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Azadeh Maroufmashat & Michael Fowler, 2017. "Transition of Future Energy System Infrastructure; through Power-to-Gas Pathways," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Götz, Manuel & Lefebvre, Jonathan & Mörs, Friedemann & McDaniel Koch, Amy & Graf, Frank & Bajohr, Siegfried & Reimert, Rainer & Kolb, Thomas, 2016. "Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1371-1390.
    4. Suaad S. Al-Zakwani & Azadeh Maroufmashat & Abdelkader Mazouz & Michael Fowler & Ali Elkamel, 2019. "Allocation of Ontario’s Surplus Electricity to Different Power-to-Gas Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Jonathan Ranisau & Mohammed Barbouti & Aaron Trainor & Nidhi Juthani & Yaser K. Salkuyeh & Azadeh Maroufmashat & Michael Fowler, 2017. "Power-to-Gas Implementation for a Polygeneration System in Southwestern Ontario," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Lo Basso, Gianluigi & de Santoli, Livio & Albo, Angelo & Nastasi, Benedetto, 2015. "H2NG (hydrogen-natural gas mixtures) effects on energy performances of a condensing micro-CHP (combined heat and power) for residential applications: An expeditious assessment of water condensation an," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 397-418.
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